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Epidaurus · Treatment Guide · End-of-Life Services

Going abroad for —

Palliative Sedation Availability

Continuous palliative sedation access

The country comparison

Which countries are best for palliative sedation availability

The destinations ranked high→low under this lens — each with the reasoning behind its score, the cited evidence one click down, and its full report. The verdict is free; the report is the depth.

19 / 19 Countries ranked

Researched and assessed by the Epidaurus editorial pipeline against our published scale. A country below the rule is not yet assessed enough — never ranked last.

  1. 1 Germany DE 4.5/5 Good Germany demonstrates a highly developed, legally comprehensive, and clinically advanced palliative sedation system grounded in statutory law (BGB, HPG), evidence-based protocols (SedPall 2021, S3 Guideline), a well-cr... Full report
    The evidence behind this score 7 cited points
    • Legal framework: Palliative sedation explicitly permissible under BGB §§630a–630h and 1901a–1901b, with legally binding advance directives since September 2009 and clear regulatory oversight by G-BA, state medical chambers, and Bundesärztekammer.
    • Clinical infrastructure: 336 hospital palliative care units, approximately 260 inpatient hospices, 403 SAPV home-care teams (22.5% regularly providing sedation), and ~1,500 outpatient hospice services nationwide.
    • Provider training: Palliative medicine compulsory in medical education since 2009; formal Zusatzweiterbildung Palliativmedizin requires 40 hours base course plus 120 hours case seminars; 42–52% of practitioners trained in sedation administration.
    • Geographic access: 90% of German population lives within 30 minutes of a palliative care unit, though 27.4% of districts have no specialist service; home-based sedation available through SAPV teams.
    • International access: No legal barriers for non-citizens; major university hospitals (Charité Berlin, LMU Munich, Heidelberg) provide dedicated international patient offices with interpreter services and established medical tourism partnerships.
    • Clinical protocols: DGP SedPall recommendations (2021) provide detailed dosing, RASS-PAL monitoring, standardized documentation, and ethical guidance; medications (midazolam, levomepromazine, propofol) widely available.
    • Quality assurance: Clinical ethics committees required at hospitals; DGP accreditation and ESMO certification at leading centers; iSedPall implementation project (pilot 2026) designed to reduce practice variability.

    Read the full Germany report →

  2. 2 Spain ES 4.5/5 Good Spain has an exceptional legal and regulatory framework for palliative sedation, with 12 autonomous communities explicitly recognizing it as a patient right and comprehensive 2021 national guidelines establishing stan... Full report
    The evidence behind this score 4 cited points
    • 12 of 17 autonomous communities have enacted explicit end-of-life laws recognizing palliative sedation as a patient right, backed by national Law 41/2002 and Organic Law 3/2021 clarifying sedation's distinction from euthanasia
    • Approximately 500 specialized palliative care teams and 4,000 professionals nationally, but only 40% of patients requiring specialized care actually receive it, indicating significant coverage gap
    • Comprehensive 2021 SECPAL-OMC Palliative Sedation Guide standardizes protocols, medications (midazolam 82-88%), monitoring scales, and ethics safeguards; 94% of specialists support sedation for indicated indications
    • WHO Collaborating Centre in Catalonia and strong urban infrastructure in Barcelona, Madrid, and Costa del Sol provide excellent services in major centers; however, rural areas (19% of population) face severe access constraints with minimal domiciliary sedation availability

    Read the full Spain report →

  3. 3 United Kingdom GB 4.0/5 Good The UK has a well-established legal framework (GMC guidance 2024, NICE NG31, Mental Capacity Acts) and comprehensive clinical guidelines for palliative sedation, with multiple healthcare settings (200+ hospices, NHS s... Full report
    The evidence behind this score 6 cited points
    • GMC guidance 2024 explicitly authorizes palliative sedation within Mental Capacity Act frameworks; NICE NG31 (2015) provides detailed clinical recommendations
    • 200+ UK hospices plus NHS specialist palliative care teams at major trusts; approximately 310,000 people received palliative/end-of-life care annually
    • GMC-approved 4-year higher specialty curriculum in Palliative Medicine; Association for Palliative Medicine has 1,500+ members; 650 doctors employed by UK hospices
    • Midazolam, levomepromazine, haloperidol, and phenobarbital all available on NHS formularies; continuous subcutaneous infusion via syringe drivers standard
    • 380 hospice inpatient beds (14% of English capacity) out of use due to funding crisis; specialist community palliative care visits fell >20% between 2023-24 and 2024-25
    • Two-thirds of people in rural areas struggle to access end-of-life care services; no structured international patient pathway, though charity hospices exempt from NHS overseas charges

    Read the full United Kingdom report →

  4. 4 Singapore SG 4.0/5 Good Singapore has a legally protected palliative sedation framework with comprehensive regulatory oversight, multiple care settings, and well-trained specialists, plus established pathways for international patients throu... Full report
    The evidence behind this score 5 cited points
    • Advance Medical Directive Act 1996 explicitly protects palliative care from legal restrictions, with clear distinction from euthanasia and physician-assisted dying
    • Approximately 300 inpatient hospice beds across 9+ facilities, 3,600 home care places by 2025, plus major hospital services with no significant geographic barriers
    • Mature provider training infrastructure: palliative medicine recognized as specialty since 2006, 2,521+ clinicians trained through PalC, Master of Science in Holistic Palliative Care launched 2024
    • JCI-accredited private hospitals (Mount Elizabeth, Gleneagles, Raffles, Parkway) serving patients from 120+ countries with multilingual support and no nationality-based exclusion
    • Noted limitation: absence of single comprehensive national clinical guideline specifically for palliative sedation creates potential variability across facilities; very low utilization (1-3% of cases) suggests possible under-caution

    Read the full Singapore report →

  5. 5 United States US 4.0/5 Good Palliative sedation is legal throughout the United States and available in major medical centers and hospitals (83.6% of hospitals with 50+ beds and 96.2% of hospitals with 300+ beds offer specialty palliative care se... Full report
    The evidence behind this score 7 cited points
    • Palliative sedation is legal everywhere in the United States with support from US Supreme Court precedent (Washington v. Glucksberg, 1997)
    • 83.6% of US hospitals with 50 or more beds report having specialty palliative care services, climbing to 96.2% for hospitals with 300+ beds
    • Multiple professional guidelines exist from NHPCO, AAHPM, AMA, and HPNA providing clinical protocols for palliative sedation administration
    • Only 19,920 clinicians hold specialty certification in hospice and palliative care (2.86 prescribers per 100,000 population), with significant workforce shortages expected through 2040
    • Geographic disparities exist with only 34.5% of rural hospitals and 49.0% of for-profit hospitals offering palliative care services
    • International patients face barriers including Medicare ineligibility, cost constraints (US has highest healthcare costs in the world), and lack of coordinated access pathways
    • Research has found low adherence to palliative sedation guidelines across institutions

    Read the full United States report →

  6. 6 Poland PL 3.5/5 Moderate Poland has a well-established palliative care system with clear legal authorization, multiple healthcare settings (522 entities, 254 inpatient agreements), and formal specialty recognition since 1999. However, the abs... Full report
    The evidence behind this score 4 cited points
    • 522 palliative care entities operate under NFZ contracts with 254 inpatient agreements; Palliative Medicine is an official specialty since 1999 with 11 academic departments providing structured training
    • No national clinical guidelines specifically for palliative sedation exist; professional literature calls for standards since 2011 but none formally published; practice guided by individual clinical judgment rather than Polish national protocols
    • Hospital ethics committees not legally mandated; only 24.6% of accredited hospitals disclose ethics committee information, and only 7.1% of existing committees address terminal care issues
    • Significant geographic disparities with severe limitations in rural areas particularly eastern Poland; waiting times up to 90 days at some providers; international patient access poorly defined and not supported by medical tourism infrastructure

    Read the full Poland report →

  7. 7 Colombia CO 3.5/5 Moderate Colombia has explicit legal authorization for palliative sedation, comprehensive regulatory frameworks including Ministry of Health Clinical Practice Guidelines, and well-trained specialists concentrated in major medi... Full report
    The evidence behind this score 7 cited points
    • Law 1733/2014 and Resolution 971/2021 explicitly authorize and regulate palliative sedation as a medical treatment distinct from euthanasia
    • Colombia was first Latin American country to accredit palliative medicine as a specialty, with postgraduate residency programs at Universidad de la Sabana, EIA/Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, and Instituto Nacional de Cancerología
    • 504 palliative care services nationwide but specialized density only 0.47 per 100,000 (vs. 1.0 international standard); six administrative departments entirely lack palliative services; Amazonia coverage 18%, Orinoquia 29%
    • 76% of prescribers report opioid availability barriers; extended-release morphine unavailable nationally; midazolam more reliable in hospital settings
    • Scientific-Interdisciplinary Committees required at mid-to-high complexity inpatient and home care facilities providing ethics oversight
    • Studies document palliative sedation in 23% of terminal cancer patients using midazolam protocols consistent with international standards; home-based sedation underdeveloped outside major cities
    • No explicit residency requirement for palliative sedation (unlike euthanasia) but international patient pathway not formally codified; no medical tourism infrastructure for end-of-life services

    Read the full Colombia report →

  8. 8 Hungary HU 3.5/5 Moderate Hungary has established legal authorization (Act CLIV 1997, 2017 ministerial decree), formal palliative medicine licensure programs since 2014, and approximately 90 active hospice providers with universal NHIF coverag... Full report
    The evidence behind this score 6 cited points
    • Legal authorization under Act CLIV of 1997 and 2017 ministerial decree distinguishing intermittent from continuous deep sedation, with ECHR 2024 Karsai v. Hungary ruling confirming adequacy
    • Formal one-year palliative medicine licensure program operational since 2014 across four medical universities (Pécs, Debrecen, Szeged, Budapest) with mandatory undergraduate curricula integration
    • Approximately 90 active hospice providers nationwide serving >8,000 terminally ill patients yearly; major facilities in Budapest (10 beds), Debrecen (20 beds), and Pécs offering comprehensive end-of-life care
    • Medication practice deviates from EAPC standards: only ~50% of Hungarian clinicians perceive midazolam used 'almost always' versus 86–89% in Germany and Italy, with opioids used at higher rates than EAPC guidelines recommend
    • Structural shortage of inpatient palliative beds with common waiting lists; rural and peri-urban access substantially more limited than Budapest and major university cities
    • Universal NHIF coverage for hospice and palliative care (free at point of service) for eligible patients and EU nationals with EHIC; non-EU international patients require private payment with no dedicated end-of-life medical tourism infrastructure

    Read the full Hungary report →

  9. 9 Japan JP 3.5/5 Moderate Japan has established clinical guidelines from the JSPM and a substantial network of ~479 palliative care units with board-certified specialists, providing a foundation for service delivery in major urban centers. How... Full report
    The evidence behind this score 8 cited points
    • JSPM published clinical guidelines in 2010, updated 2018, revised 2020 using Delphi consensus with 20 multidisciplinary experts
    • Approximately 479 certified palliative care units with 9,498 beds and 513 hospital palliative care consultation teams across Japan
    • Board certification system for palliative medicine specialists since 2010; ~530 certified physicians projected by 2019; 2,038 certified palliative care nurses nationally
    • Only 9.6% of cancer patients in PCUs and 3.6% of non-cancer terminally ill patients at home received palliative sedation, indicating significant utilization barriers despite infrastructure
    • National opioid availability approximately one-seventeenth of WHO-recommended standards with 88.6-percentage-point gap between best (Yamagata 135.1%) and worst (Gifu 46.6%) performing prefectures
    • Only 7.2% of nurses in non-PCU settings use palliative sedation guidelines regularly; 91.6% never use them, indicating severe protocol adherence gaps
    • No explicit statute authorizes palliative sedation; physicians report growing fears of legal prosecution despite practice being accepted and distinct from euthanasia
    • Significant urban-rural disparities with rural areas severely disadvantaged in specialist availability; enhanced home care support consistently less prevalent in rural than urban areas 2014-2020

    Read the full Japan report →

  10. 10 Brazil BR 3.0/5 Moderate Brazil provides legal authorization for palliative sedation and major private hospitals in São Paulo operate formal protocols with trained multidisciplinary teams accessible to international patients. However, the abs... Full report
    The evidence behind this score 5 cited points
    • Legal framework: CFM Resolution 1805/2006, 2009 Code of Medical Ethics, and 2024 National Palliative Care Policy with BRL 851 million annual funding provide clear legal authorization
    • Clinical capacity: 234 established palliative care services nationally (2023); major hospitals (Albert Einstein, Sírio-Libanês) have formal written protocols and published outcomes
    • Provider training deficits: Only 389 AMB-certified palliative medicine physicians for 215 million people; only 26% of physicians using palliative sedation in São Paulo have specific palliative care training
    • Geographic inequity: Southeast holds 42% of services, North holds only 3% despite comprising 45% of territory; home-based sedation rare outside São Paulo/Rio
    • International access: JCI-accredited São Paulo hospitals (Albert Einstein, Sírio-Libanês) accept international patients with multilingual staff and formal sedation protocols; no published foreign-exclusion policies

    Read the full Brazil report →

  11. 11 Malaysia MY 3.0/5 Moderate Malaysia offers foundational palliative sedation services through a small number of specialized facilities, particularly in the Klang Valley private sector, but lacks comprehensive national protocols and standardized ... Full report
    The evidence behind this score 4 cited points
    • Malaysia is absent from all 36 palliative sedation clinical practice guidelines identified across 14 countries in the 2025 global systematic review, indicating no domestic standardized protocols.
    • Only 21 qualified palliative medicine specialists exist nationally, many dividing time with internal medicine; 5 of 32 medical schools mandate palliative care education.
    • Palliative sedation is legally permissible under MMC ethical guidelines and Penal Code distinction between comfort care and euthanasia, but lacks explicit statutory authorization.
    • International patient access is available through JCI-accredited hospitals (Sunway Medical Centre, Pantai, Gleneagles) with multidisciplinary teams, but no published continuous sedation protocols for international patients exist.

    Read the full Malaysia report →

  12. 12 South Korea KR 3.0/5 Moderate South Korea has an established legal framework for palliative sedation and operates services through approximately 180 designated hospice and palliative care institutions with professional guidelines and trained provi... Full report
    The evidence behind this score 7 cited points
    • Legal authorization: Act on Hospice and Palliative Care enacted February 2016 and effective February 2018, with palliative sedation legally distinct from euthanasia and without significant ethical or legal controversy
    • Healthcare infrastructure: Approximately 180 designated hospice and palliative care institutions as of 2022 providing inpatient and home-based services, but capacity limited to approximately 20% of terminal cancer patients
    • Provider training: Certification system for palliative care physicians established 2019 by Korean Society for Hospice and Palliative Care; National Cancer Center developed 60-hour basic and advanced curricula; but palliative medicine not recognized as government specialty
    • Clinical protocols: Professional guidelines from multiple organizations endorsed palliative sedation but are described as providing principles rather than specific practical issues; palliative sedation only recently added to Clinical Practice Guideline at recommendation level D
    • Institutional variation: Sedation use across institutions varied markedly from 7.0% to 49.7%, indicating absence of comprehensive national guidelines and standardized practice
    • International patient access: Foreign residents enrolled in National Health Insurance System can access same end-of-life care as citizens, but system designed for residents; no established pathway for short-term medical tourists
    • Quality assurance: National Bioethics Committee and Korea National Institute for Bioethics Policy established; but institutional ethics committees are rare—only 0.6% of hospitals and 1.4% of nursing hospitals had registered committees as of January 2019

    Read the full South Korea report →

  13. 13 Israel IL 3.0/5 Moderate Israel has established legal authorization for palliative sedation under the Dying Patient Law (2005) and documented clinical practice at major institutions, with evidence that 21.2% of hospice patients receive it usi... Full report
    The evidence behind this score 6 cited points
    • Section 23 of the Dying Patient Law (2005) explicitly authorizes palliative sedation as legally distinct from euthanasia, with 2015 Ministry of Health circular providing updated practice directives
    • Clinical practice documented: 21.2% of Hadassah Mount Scopus hospice patients received palliative sedation in study year, using midazolam and morphine with standardized protocols
    • Three inpatient hospices and approximately eight home-hospice units exist nationally, but collectively serve fewer than 10% of eligible patients
    • Services concentrated in three urban centers (Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, Haifa) with severe geographic disparities for rural and Bedouin populations in Negev region
    • Palliative medicine recognized as subspecialty in 2012, but very few physicians work exclusively in palliative care; 2015 review found teams understaffed and insufficiently trained
    • No documented formal pathway for international patients to access palliative sedation; medical tourism infrastructure focused on curative treatments, not end-of-life services

    Read the full Israel report →

  14. 14 Jordan JO 2.5/5 Moderate Jordan has minimal palliative sedation capacity concentrated almost entirely in KHCC (Amman), with no explicit legal authorization or national clinical guidelines. While KHCC operates a world-class program with Americ... Full report
    The evidence behind this score 6 cited points
    • KHCC is the only documented facility with specialist palliative care capacity; services limited to Amman with no rural access
    • No explicit legal framework authorizing palliative sedation; practice operates in undefined legal grey zone under 2008 Public Health Law
    • No published national clinical guidelines or protocols for palliative sedation
    • ICU nurses scored 8.88/24 on palliative care knowledge (classified insufficient); healthcare professionals scored 12.5/24 on opioid knowledge
    • Morphine consumption 1.2 mg/capita vs. global average 5.99 mg/capita; opioids largely inaccessible outside tertiary centers
    • KHCC has international patient services infrastructure but no dedicated program for end-of-life or palliative sedation specifically

    Read the full Jordan report →

  15. 15 Mexico MX 2.0/5 Poor Mexico's palliative sedation services are severely limited despite legal authorization under the 2009 health law. Geographic access is highly restricted with services unavailable in 7 states and limited to capital cit... Full report
    The evidence behind this score 6 cited points
    • Palliative care unavailable in 7 of 32 states; another 17 have only one service in the capital city
    • Mexico ranked last among 37 OECD nations for opioid availability (2011-2016); stocked only one-third of opioids needed for palliative care
    • Only 6 of 102 medical schools teach palliative care courses, mandatory in just 2
    • Acceptance of ethical, moral, and legal permissibility of palliative sedation remains variable among practitioners
    • No established medical tourism pathways for palliative sedation; advance directives available in only 14 of 32 states
    • Instituto Nacional de Cancerología serves as isolated center of excellence with over 1,000 new patients annually

    Read the full Mexico report →

  16. 16 United Arab Emirates AE 2.0/5 Poor Palliative sedation in the UAE exhibits very limited availability with minimal infrastructure and systemic access barriers. Only four hospitals nationwide offer dedicated palliative care services, served by fewer than... Full report
    The evidence behind this score 5 cited points
    • Only 4 hospitals nationwide offer dedicated palliative care services; all in Abu Dhabi/Dubai (Tawam with only 11 dedicated beds, Burjeel, Mediclinic City Hospital, American Hospital Dubai)
    • Fewer than 10 specialist palliative care professionals serve entire country of 10+ million; no dedicated fellowship programs exist; residency programs lack mandatory structured palliative care curricula
    • Per capita morphine consumption 0.38 mg/capita vs. global mean 5.93 mg/capita; key sedation medications unregistered requiring 2–3 months for special approval; prescribing restricted to consultant physicians only
    • No national clinical guidelines or standardized protocols for palliative sedation; no national ethics committee or quality assurance system for palliative sedation
    • Federal Decree Law No. 4 of 2016 permits natural death but does not explicitly authorize palliative sedation; legal status ambiguous; international patients have no dedicated pathways and specialist availability is binding constraint

    Read the full United Arab Emirates report →

  17. 17 Thailand TH 2.0/5 Poor Thailand's palliative sedation availability is limited by the lack of standardized national protocols, very low physician training rates (only 10.3% of hospitals have trained doctors), and geographic concentration of ... Full report
    The evidence behind this score 5 cited points
    • Only 10.3% of Thai hospitals have physicians with at least one month of palliative care training
    • No clear national protocol for palliative sedation exists due to lack of empirical evidence
    • Palliative care specialists are concentrated primarily in university and tertiary hospitals in major urban areas
    • No standardized medical tourism pathway exists for palliative sedation despite Thailand being a leading medical tourism destination
    • 41% of Thai general practitioners have at least one misconception about the distinction between palliative care and euthanasia

    Read the full Thailand report →

  18. 18 Turkey TR 2.0/5 Poor Turkey demonstrates poor availability of palliative sedation services despite having general palliative care infrastructure. The country lacks specific legal authorization or clinical guidelines for palliative sedatio... Full report
    The evidence behind this score 6 cited points
    • No specific legal framework or clinical guidelines for palliative sedation despite general acceptance of the practice
    • Complete absence of hospices in Turkey despite 415+ palliative care centers
    • No standardized protocols specifically for palliative sedation implementation or monitoring
    • Limited formal training opportunities in palliative sedation techniques for healthcare providers
    • No established pathways for international patients seeking palliative sedation services
    • Paternalistic medical culture may limit patient autonomy in end-of-life decisions

    Read the full Turkey report →

  19. 19 India IN 2.0/5 Poor Palliative sedation availability in India is very limited with few trained providers and minimal infrastructure outside Kerala and select tertiary care centers. While clinical guidelines and some trained specialists e... Full report
    The evidence behind this score 5 cited points
    • Less than 1% of India's patient population has access to palliative care services, with palliative care ranked 59th out of 81 countries in the 2021 Quality of Death Index
    • Kerala provides two-thirds of India's palliative care services despite constituting only 3% of the population, demonstrating severe geographic disparity
    • No specific legislation governs palliative sedation; the ICMR notes that sedation for psychological and existential suffering needs greater exposition and consensus before consideration in Indian practice
    • Approximately 10 institutes offer MD/DNB Palliative Medicine programs nationwide, with evidence that 56% of postgraduate students at AIIMS Delhi had not received basic palliative care training
    • Limited hospice services are available in India, almost exclusively limited for cancer care and only in big cities, with no established international patient pathways for palliative sedation despite India's medical tourism sector

    Read the full India report →

Reading the field

What separates a good programme from a dangerous one

Every country above is graded against this published scale — the same 1–5 rubric for palliative sedation availability, top to bottom. How we score →

  1. 5/5 Excellent

    Palliative sedation is legally authorized with comprehensive regulatory frameworks and clinical guidelines. Multiple healthcare settings (hospitals, hospices, home care) offer services with well-trained specialists and standardized protocols. Services are geographically accessible with robust quality assurance and ethics oversight. International patients have clear pathways to access palliative sedation with appropriate documentation and support services. Specialized medications are readily available with proper monitoring protocols.

  2. 4/5 Good

    Palliative sedation is legal and available through established healthcare channels with trained providers and clinical protocols. Services are available in major medical centers and palliative care facilities. Some geographic limitations may exist but urban areas have good access. International patients can generally access services with standard medical documentation. Quality oversight exists through professional medical societies or healthcare institutions.

  3. 3/5 Moderate

    Palliative sedation is available but may lack comprehensive regulation or standardized protocols. Services are primarily available in specialized palliative care units or major hospitals with limited geographic distribution. Provider training may be informal or variable. International patient access is possible but may require significant coordination. Basic quality assurance exists but may be inconsistent across providers.

  4. 2/5 Poor

    Palliative sedation availability is very limited, with few trained providers and minimal infrastructure. Services may be restricted to a small number of specialized facilities in major cities. Legal or regulatory framework may be unclear or restrictive. International patient access is difficult and poorly coordinated. Quality oversight is minimal with significant variations in practice standards.

  5. 1/5 Very Poor / Unavailable

    Palliative sedation is not legally authorized, explicitly prohibited, or completely unavailable. No established clinical protocols or trained providers exist. Healthcare infrastructure lacks capacity for continuous sedation monitoring. International patients cannot access palliative sedation services. No quality assurance or ethics oversight mechanisms are in place.

The reports

The full country reports under this lens

Each destination we have assessed has a full, cited report — the detailed analysis behind its score. The verdict is free; the report is the depth.

Clinics & providers

The clinics our research names

Named hospitals, clinics and centres cited across these findings — each carrying the specialties our reports record. Follow one to the reports behind it.

References

The sources behind these assessments

The distinct sources cited across these published reports — every finding carries its own citations; this is the union, each linking back to the reports that lean on it.

  1. Untitled source aahpm.org/issues/workforce Cited in Palliative Sedation Availability in United States
  2. Untitled source ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/full/10.2105/AJPH.2018.304767 Cited in Palliative Sedation Availability in Mexico
  3. Untitled source ascopubs.org/doi/10.1200/JCO.2011.37.3795 Cited in Palliative Sedation Availability in Turkey
  4. Untitled source blogs.isb.edu/healthcare/2024/04/15/palliative-care-where-india-stands-in-the-business-of-compassion Cited in Palliative Sedation Availability in India
  5. Untitled source bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-021-06623-w Cited in Palliative Sedation Availability in Thailand
  6. Untitled source bmcpalliatcare.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12904-018-0278-4 Cited in Palliative Sedation Availability in India
  7. Untitled source bmcpalliatcare.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12904-023-01272-8 Cited in Palliative Sedation Availability in Thailand
  8. Untitled source bmcpalliatcare.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12904-024-01430-6 Cited in Palliative Sedation Availability in Thailand
  9. Untitled source burjeel.com/news/caring-for-the-terminally-ill-in-uae-how-palliative-care-providers-help-patients-families Cited in Palliative Sedation Availability in United Arab Emirates
  10. Untitled source chulalongkornhospital.go.th/kcmh/en/dept/cheewabhibaln-palliative-care-center Cited in Palliative Sedation Availability in Thailand
  11. Untitled source compassionandchoices.org/our-issues/palliative-sedation Cited in Palliative Sedation Availability in United States
  12. Untitled source dghs.gov.in/content/1351_3_NationalProgramforPalliativeCare.aspx Cited in Palliative Sedation Availability in India
  13. Untitled source dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5076793&fecha=05/01/2009 Cited in Palliative Sedation Availability in Mexico
  14. Untitled source eapcnet.wordpress.com/2015/10/08/updated-quality-of-death-index-published Cited in Palliative Sedation Availability in India
  15. Untitled source ecancer.org/en/journal/article/1486-situational-analysis-of-the-quality-of-palliative-care-services-across-india-a-cross-sectional-survey Cited in Palliative Sedation Availability in India
  16. Untitled source ecancer.org/en/journal/article/1822-palliative-and-end-of-life-care-initiatives-for-people-dying-from-cancer-in-india-a-narrative-review Cited in Palliative Sedation Availability in India
  17. Untitled source elaw.klri.re.kr/eng_mobile/viewer.do?hseq=43945&type=part&key=38 Cited in Palliative Sedation Availability in South Korea
  18. Untitled source en.peacefuldeath.co/a-review-of-hospice-care-in-thailand Cited in Palliative Sedation Availability in Thailand
  19. Untitled source en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumrungrad_International_Hospital Cited in Palliative Sedation Availability in Thailand
  20. Untitled source en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euthanasia_in_India Cited in Palliative Sedation Availability in India
  21. Untitled source en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euthanasia_in_Mexico Cited in Palliative Sedation Availability in Mexico
  22. Untitled source en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_tourism_in_India Cited in Palliative Sedation Availability in India
  23. Untitled source en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_tourism_in_South_Korea Cited in Palliative Sedation Availability in South Korea
  24. Untitled source en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palliative_sedation Cited in Palliative Sedation Availability in United States, Palliative Sedation Availability in Turkey

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