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Going abroad for —

Assisted Dying Foreigner Access

Accessibility of assisted dying for non-residents

The country comparison

Which countries are best for assisted dying foreigner access

The destinations ranked high→low under this lens — each with the reasoning behind its score, the cited evidence one click down, and its full report. The verdict is free; the report is the depth.

19 / 19 Countries ranked

Researched and assessed by the Epidaurus editorial pipeline against our published scale. A country below the rule is not yet assessed enough — never ranked last.

  1. 1 Germany DE 2.0/5 Poor Germany's constitutional framework theoretically permits assisted dying for foreigners, but severe practical and administrative barriers effectively prevent access. The six-month mandatory membership requirement confl... Full report
    The evidence behind this score 5 cited points
    • Six-month DGHS membership requirement incompatible with 90-day Schengen visa duration
    • No documented cases of foreign nationals traveling to Germany for assisted dying services
    • German-address registration requirement and German-language-only processes throughout
    • €7,000 surcharge for Verein Sterbehilfe members with <1 year tenure, penalizing short-term international applicants
    • Germany serves as a source country for assisted dying tourism to Switzerland (1,250 German citizens to Dignitas 1998-2018), not a destination

    Read the full Germany report →

  2. 2 Spain ES 2.0/5 Poor Spain's assisted dying law, while legal, was deliberately designed to prevent medical tourism through a 12-month residency requirement that is prohibitive for terminal patients and foreign medical tourists. Despite th... Full report
    The evidence behind this score 6 cited points
    • 12-month padrón requirement creates an insurmountable barrier for any visitor on a short-stay (Schengen) visa, with a typical total timeline of 14–15 months before administration [Three Years of Assisted Dying in Spain - Medicina Clínica - 2025]
    • For a medical tourist arriving specifically to access assisted dying, Spain is effectively inaccessible [Research report analysis, multiple sources]
    • No documented cases of short-stay foreign medical tourists successfully accessing euthanasia; official statistics from June 2021–December 2023 record no nationality data for any of the 697 completed procedures [First Official Report on Euthanasia in Spain - Medicina Clínica - 2023]
    • No specialized medical tourism infrastructure for end-of-life services exists; unlike Switzerland's Dignitas and Exit International, Spain has no organization catering to international patients [Europe - Dignity in Dying - 2024]
    • All written requests must be made in Spanish with no provision for requests or consent documents in other languages and no mandate for interpreters [Essential Guide to Assisted Suicide in Spain - Euro Weekly News - 2024]
    • The entire architecture of Spain's LORE was intentionally designed to prevent euthanasia tourism and to serve Spain's resident population, not international patients seeking end-of-life services [Law preamble and research analysis]

    Read the full Spain report →

  3. 3 Colombia CO 2.0/5 Poor Colombia's legal framework theoretically permits foreigners to access euthanasia after establishing one year of continuous domicile, but this requirement, combined with visa structures that do not accumulate toward re... Full report
    The evidence behind this score 5 cited points
    • Foreigners explicitly required to have minimum one year continuous domicile per Resolution 971/2021 and Resolution 813/2026
    • Type V Medical Treatment visa does not accumulate toward domicile requirement, creating deliberate barrier
    • Zero documented cases of foreign nationals accessing euthanasia in Colombia; official statistics do not track patient nationality
    • No specialized medical tourism infrastructure exists for end-of-life services; entire system operates through Spanish-language EPS public health insurance unavailable to tourists
    • System has 30.1% approval rate even for Colombian residents, with 85.5% of services concentrated in two cities, creating additional barriers for foreigners

    Read the full Colombia report →

  4. 4 United States US 2.0/5 Poor While Oregon and Vermont legally permit non-resident access, the framework was designed for interstate US patients, not international medical tourism. International patients face severe practical barriers: no dedicate... Full report
    The evidence behind this score 6 cited points
    • Only Oregon and Vermont explicitly permit non-residents; 8 other jurisdictions enforce strict residency requirements
    • No dedicated visa category for assisted dying; B-2 medical visa requires proof treatment is unavailable in home country, creating a paradoxical barrier for terminally ill foreigners
    • Patients must be in-state for examination, drug request, and medication intake over minimum 15-day period in Oregon, Vermont requires multiple appointments
    • No established medical tourism infrastructure for assisted dying; finding physicians and accommodations is difficult even for domestic non-residents
    • Documented cases (26 Vermont, 23 Oregon) appear to be primarily other US states; no documented international patient access reported
    • Federal appeals court upheld residency requirements and warned that assisted dying is not a fundamental right states must offer to non-residents

    Read the full United States report →

  5. 5 Israel IL 1.0/5 Poor Israel explicitly prohibits assisted dying for all persons under Sections 19-20 of the Dying Patient Law (2005), with no legal pathway or differentiation for non-residents. No documented cases exist of any foreigner a... Full report
    The evidence behind this score 4 cited points
    • Sections 19-20 of the Dying Patient Law (2005) categorically prohibit active euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide for all persons with no citizenship distinctions
    • Zero documented cases of any foreigner accessing assisted dying in Israel; Israelis seeking such services travel abroad to Switzerland
    • No visa category or immigration pathway permits entry specifically for assisted dying purposes; the B/1 medical tourism visa requires a lawful procedure that does not exist in Israel's medical taxonomy
    • No Israeli hospital, clinic, or organization offers or advertises assisted dying to international patients

    Read the full Israel report →

  6. 6 India IN 1.0/5 Poor India prohibits active euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide entirely, criminalizing them under the Indian Penal Code. While passive euthanasia (withdrawal of life support) is legal in limited circumstances, the c... Full report
    The evidence behind this score 5 cited points
    • Active euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide are criminalized under IPC Sections 302/304/306
    • Passive euthanasia framework is constitutionally tied to Article 21 rights designed for citizens and residents, with no provisions for foreign nationals
    • Medical visas are granted only for approved therapeutic procedures—not end-of-life services or assisted dying
    • Zero documented cases of foreigners accessing assisted dying services in India
    • No Indian law, Supreme Court judgment, or Ministry guideline addresses foreign national access to assisted dying services

    Read the full India report →

  7. 7 United Arab Emirates AE 1.0/5 Poor The UAE has an absolute prohibition on assisted dying under Federal Law No. 4 of 2016 on Medical Liability, with no legal pathway for foreign nationals or any other person. Violations carry imprisonment of 2-10 years ... Full report
    The evidence behind this score 4 cited points
    • Federal Law No. 4 of 2016 on Medical Liability explicitly criminalizes all forms of mercy killing and euthanasia with penalties of 2-10 years imprisonment and up to AED 1 million in fines
    • The prohibition is grounded in Islamic Sharia law, which is constitutionally embedded in the UAE legal system, with no domestic political constituency for reform
    • Dr. Eugen Adelsmayr, an Austrian intensivist, was sentenced to life imprisonment in absentia in 2012 for alleged end-of-life actions, with prosecutors initially seeking capital punishment
    • Despite a substantial medical tourism market (USD 722.5 million in 2024), there is no assisted dying infrastructure and assisted dying is prohibited in all Middle Eastern and GCC countries

    Read the full United Arab Emirates report →

  8. 8 Japan JP 1.0/5 Poor Japan criminalizes all forms of assisted dying under Penal Code Article 202, with no distinction between citizens and foreigners and no legal pathway for any patient to access such services. The June 2025 Supreme Cour... Full report
    The evidence behind this score 4 cited points
    • Assisted dying is criminally prohibited under Penal Code Article 202 for all persons in Japan, with penalties of 6-7 years imprisonment, applying uniformly to citizens and foreigners alike
    • June 2025 Supreme Court finalized an 18-year prison sentence for Dr. Yoshikazu Okubo for assisting an ALS patient's death, rejecting constitutional arguments that the right to self-determination permits seeking assistance to die
    • Zero documented cases of foreign nationals accessing assisted dying in Japan; documented cases of Japanese nationals traveling to Switzerland instead
    • No medical facilities provide or are licensed to provide assisted dying in Japan; the Medical Stay Visa program covers only lawful medical services

    Read the full Japan report →

  9. 9 South Korea KR 1.0/5 Poor South Korea receives the lowest score because assisted dying is completely illegal for all persons, citizens and foreigners alike. The Criminal Code explicitly criminalizes assistance in suicide (Articles 252-253), an... Full report
    The evidence behind this score 5 cited points
    • Euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide (EAS) is illegal and considered a crime against life in South Korea
    • The Criminal Code of South Korea contains provisions that criminalize assistance in suicide under Articles 252 and 253, covering murder upon request or with consent
    • South Korean citizens seeking assisted dying must travel abroad, primarily to Switzerland, with at least 10 Koreans having accessed services at Swiss clinics as of the report date
    • A 2024 legislative proposal to legalize assisted dying was introduced but shelved with no progress in the legislative process
    • No assisted dying infrastructure or services exist within South Korea for any persons

    Read the full South Korea report →

  10. 10 Mexico MX 1.0/5 Poor Assisted dying is completely illegal in Mexico for all persons, including foreigners, with the Federal Penal Code criminalizing medically assisted death with prison sentences of 1-12 years, and no jurisdiction permitt... Full report
    The evidence behind this score 4 cited points
    • Federal Penal Code continues to criminalize medically assisted death with penalties of 1 to 12 years in prison
    • General Health Law Article 166 Bis 21 prohibits the practice of euthanasia and assisted suicide
    • There are no documented cases of foreigners legally accessing assisted dying in Mexico because such services do not legally exist
    • 19 Mexican states have modified their constitutions to protect the right to life from the moment of conception until natural death

    Read the full Mexico report →

  11. 11 Malaysia MY 1.0/5 Poor Malaysia has no legal pathway to assisted dying for any person—citizen, resident, or foreign national. Assisted dying is criminalized under Penal Code Section 306 (up to 10 years imprisonment for abetting suicide) wit... Full report
    The evidence behind this score 5 cited points
    • Penal Code Section 306 criminalizes abetting suicide with imprisonment up to 10 years and fine, with no exception for medical purpose or terminal illness
    • JAKIM 97th Muzakarah Fatwa (December 2011) declares all forms of euthanasia unlawful under Islamic law, binding on Malaysia's Muslim population
    • Zero documented cases of any person—domestic or foreign—successfully accessing assisted dying in Malaysia
    • No medical tourism infrastructure exists for end-of-life services (palliative care infrastructure exists separately but is not assisted dying)
    • 81.3% of 481 surveyed Malaysian healthcare professionals (2024) oppose legalization; 85.6% cite religious belief as primary reason

    Read the full Malaysia report →

  12. 12 Poland PL 1.0/5 Poor Poland maintains an absolute criminal prohibition on assisted dying under Articles 150 and 151 of the Penal Code, with no legal pathway for any person—citizen, resident, or foreigner—to access such services. The prohi... Full report
    The evidence behind this score 5 cited points
    • Articles 150 and 151 of the Polish Penal Code criminalize assisted dying with sentences of 3–5 years imprisonment [Euthanasia in Poland: A Few Comments on the Legal Issues - Stepień-Załucka - University of Pitesti - 2020]
    • Polish Code of Medical Ethics Article 32 explicitly prohibits euthanasia for all patients [Code of Medical Ethics - Polish Supreme Medical Council (NIL) - 2024]
    • Zero documented cases of assisted dying legally accessed in Poland by any person [Legality of Euthanasia - Wikipedia - 2024]
    • 90% of Polish physicians oppose euthanasia in surveyed studies; no medical tourism infrastructure exists for such services [Attitudes of Polish Physicians and Medical Students - PMC/NIH - 2013; Poland – Europe's Emerging Medical Tourism Hub - ClinicHunter - 2024]
    • No visa category or immigration pathway permits entry for assisted dying; no legislative movement toward legalizing assisted dying as of 2025 [Euthanasia legislation in the EU - European Parliament Think Tank - 2025]

    Read the full Poland report →

  13. 13 Singapore SG 1.0/5 Poor Assisted dying is entirely illegal in Singapore under Penal Code 1871, Sections 305-306, making foreigner access impossible. The report documents zero cases of any person accessing assisted dying and confirms that eve... Full report
    The evidence behind this score 4 cited points
    • Assisted dying (euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide) is completely illegal for all patients under Penal Code 1871 Sections 305-306 with penalties up to 10 years imprisonment or death penalty
    • Zero documented cases of any person—resident or foreign—accessing assisted dying in Singapore because it is a criminal offense
    • The limited AMD (Advance Medical Directive) is restricted to Singapore Citizens and Permanent Residents only; foreigners on any temporary pass cannot execute one
    • Singapore's 23 JCI-accredited hospitals and 646,000 international patients annually are oriented entirely toward curative care with no infrastructure for end-of-life facilitation

    Read the full Singapore report →

  14. 14 Thailand TH 1.0/5 Poor Thailand receives the lowest possible score because assisted dying is completely illegal in the country and therefore no legal pathway exists for foreigners to access these services. The criminal law framework treats ... Full report
    The evidence behind this score 5 cited points
    • Assisted dying is entirely illegal in Thailand; there is no supporting legislation and no draft legislation has ever been created
    • Active euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide remain strictly illegal under Thai law, with criminal penalties equivalent to murder charges (15-20 years imprisonment or death)
    • The Thai Supreme Court affirmed that advance directives do not authorize active euthanasia or mercy killing
    • Zero documented cases of foreigners accessing assisted dying services within Thailand; Thai citizens seeking these services must travel abroad (e.g., Switzerland)
    • Strong Buddhist cultural opposition and absence of any legal reform pathway make legalization unlikely in the foreseeable future

    Read the full Thailand report →

  15. 15 Turkey TR 1.0/5 Poor Turkey explicitly prohibits all forms of assisted dying under criminal law, making access completely unavailable for both citizens and foreigners. Article 84 of the Turkish Penal Code criminalizes assisting suicide wi... Full report
    The evidence behind this score 5 cited points
    • Article 84 of Turkish Penal Code criminalizes assisting suicide with penalties of 2-5 years imprisonment, escalating to 4-10 years if death occurs
    • Article 13 of the Regulation on Patients' Rights explicitly states: 'Euthanasia is prohibited. The right to live cannot be relinquished for medical or other reasons'
    • No documented cases exist of any person—citizen or foreigner—legally accessing assisted dying services in Turkey
    • Turkey's medical tourism infrastructure, while treating 2+ million international patients annually, explicitly excludes assisted dying services due to complete legal prohibition
    • Active euthanasia is treated as murder under Turkish law with severe criminal penalties; no legislative reform movement is actively progressing toward legalization

    Read the full Turkey report →

  16. 16 Jordan JO 1.0/5 Poor Jordan has a total, unconditional legal prohibition on assisted dying for all persons including foreign nationals, enforced through the Medical and Health Liability Law No. 25 of 2018 (Article 17) and the Penal Code. ... Full report
    The evidence behind this score 4 cited points
    • Article 17 of Medical and Health Liability Law No. 25 of 2018 explicitly forbids termination of life regardless of patient consent, applicable universally
    • Zero documented cases of any person (citizen or foreigner) accessing assisted dying in Jordan
    • No legal pathway or visa category exists for assisted dying services; medical tourism infrastructure covers only lawful procedures
    • Islamic jurisprudence unanimously prohibits active euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide; 2022 Penal Code amendment criminalized attempted suicide in public

    Read the full Jordan report →

  17. 17 Brazil BR 1.0/5 Poor Brazil completely prohibits assisted dying under Articles 121 and 122 of its Penal Code, with no legal pathway for any person—resident or foreigner. The report documents zero cases of foreign nationals or any patient ... Full report
    The evidence behind this score 5 cited points
    • Euthanasia classified as homicide under Article 121 (6–20 years imprisonment); assisted suicide criminalized under Article 122 (2–6 years imprisonment), with no nationality-based exemptions
    • Zero documented cases of any person—foreign or domestic—legally accessing assisted dying in Brazil
    • Brazilians including poet António Cicero travel to Switzerland for assisted dying specifically because services are illegal in Brazil
    • No visa category, bilateral agreement, or medical tourism infrastructure supports end-of-life assistance
    • Current legislative proposals do not indicate imminent legalization or creation of any foreigner-access pathway

    Read the full Brazil report →

  18. 18 United Kingdom GB 1.0/5 Poor The United Kingdom comprehensively prohibits assisted dying for all persons under the Suicide Act 1961 (maximum 14-year criminal penalty), providing no legal pathway for foreign nationals or residents. The 2026 Termin... Full report
    The evidence behind this score 5 cited points
    • Assisted dying is explicitly illegal under Section 2(1) of the Suicide Act 1961 (England and Wales) with 14-year maximum sentence; equivalent prohibitions apply in Scotland and Northern Ireland
    • Failed Terminally Ill Adults (End of Life) Bill (April 2026) included 12-month ordinary residency requirement with GP registration, which would have barred all medical tourists even if passed
    • Zero documented cases of foreign nationals accessing assisted dying in the UK; evidence instead shows 43 UK residents using Dignitas in Switzerland in 2025 (651 total since 1998)
    • No medical tourism infrastructure exists in the UK: no hospitals, clinics, services, or visa categories facilitate assisted dying access for foreign patients
    • Scotland rejected its own assisted dying bill (69-57 vote, March 2026); Northern Ireland has no pending legislation; UK's residency-based medical treatment visas carry no provision for end-of-life services

    Read the full United Kingdom report →

  19. 19 Hungary HU 1.0/5 Poor Hungary maintains an absolute criminal prohibition on all forms of assisted dying and physician-assisted suicide under Section 162 of Act C of 2012, with no exceptions based on residency or citizenship. The European C... Full report
    The evidence behind this score 5 cited points
    • Section 162 of Act C of 2012 criminalizes inducing or assisting suicide with penalty of 1-5 years imprisonment, applicable to all persons regardless of citizenship
    • European Court of Human Rights upheld Hungary's assisted dying ban in Dániel Karsai v. Hungary (June 13, 2024), rejecting the most prominent challenge to the prohibition
    • No documented cases of foreign nationals successfully accessing assisted dying in Hungary, and no legal pathway exists for any patient regardless of residency status
    • Hungary has no medical tourism infrastructure specifically for end-of-life services; the country's medical tourism focuses on dentistry, cosmetic surgery, and orthopedics
    • Extraterritorial provisions of Hungarian law may criminalize conduct that assists a Hungarian national to access assisted dying abroad, creating additional legal barriers for international patients

    Read the full Hungary report →

Reading the field

What separates a good programme from a dangerous one

Every country above is graded against this published scale — the same 1–5 rubric for assisted dying foreigner access, top to bottom. How we score →

  1. 5/5 Excellent

    Foreign nationals can access assisted dying services with minimal additional barriers beyond those faced by residents. Clear legal framework explicitly permits non-resident access. Well-established medical tourism infrastructure exists specifically for end-of-life services. Multiple documented successful cases. Reasonable visa provisions or immigration pathways available. Comprehensive support services for international patients and families. Processing times comparable to residents.

  2. 4/5 Good

    Foreign access is legally permitted with some additional requirements (e.g., short-term residency establishment, additional documentation). Several documented cases of successful foreign access. Some specialized services for international patients. Visa pathways exist but may require additional steps. Most administrative barriers are navigable with proper preparation.

  3. 3/5 Moderate

    Legal framework theoretically permits foreign access but with significant practical barriers. Requirements such as extended residency periods, complex documentation, or unclear administrative processes. Limited documented cases of foreign access. Some facilities may accommodate international patients but without specialized services. Visa and immigration requirements create substantial obstacles.

  4. 2/5 Poor

    Severe legal or administrative barriers effectively prevent most foreign access despite theoretical availability. Very long residency requirements, prohibitive documentation needs, or discriminatory application of rules. Extremely few or no documented cases of successful foreign access. No specialized infrastructure for international patients. Immigration barriers make access practically impossible for most applicants.

  5. 1/5 Very Poor / Unavailable

    Foreign nationals are explicitly prohibited from accessing assisted dying services, or assisted dying is not legal at all. No legal pathway exists for non-residents. No documented cases of foreign access. Immigration law explicitly prohibits entry for assisted dying purposes.

The reports

The full country reports under this lens

Each destination we have assessed has a full, cited report — the detailed analysis behind its score. The verdict is free; the report is the depth.

Clinics & providers

The clinics our research names

Named hospitals, clinics and centres cited across these findings — each carrying the specialties our reports record. Follow one to the reports behind it.

References

The sources behind these assessments

The distinct sources cited across these published reports — every finding carries its own citations; this is the union, each linking back to the reports that lean on it.

  1. Untitled source sil.gobernacion.gob.mx/Archivos/Documentos/2025/10/asun_4962885_20251029_1761684887.pdf Cited in Assisted Dying Foreigner Access in Mexico
  2. Untitled source www.snuh.org/global/en/about/newsView.do?bbs_no=6098 Cited in Assisted Dying Foreigner Access in South Korea
  3. Untitled source abcnews.go.com/Health/MindMoodNews/story?id=5481482&page=1 Cited in Assisted Dying Foreigner Access in Mexico
  4. Untitled source anglosiamlegal.com/living-will-thailand Cited in Assisted Dying Foreigner Access in Thailand
  5. Untitled source ardd-jo.org/publication/roadmap-to-strengthening-and-activating-the-medical-and-health-responsibility-law-no-25-of-2018 Cited in Assisted Dying Foreigner Access in Jordan
  6. Untitled source av-saimincekas.com/en/tck/turk-ceza-kanunu-madde-84 Cited in Assisted Dying Foreigner Access in Turkey
  7. Untitled source bewellsanmiguel.com/medical-directives Cited in Assisted Dying Foreigner Access in Mexico
  8. Untitled source bmcmedethics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12910-020-00535-w Cited in Assisted Dying Foreigner Access in South Korea
  9. Untitled source bmcpalliatcare.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12904-022-00926-3 Cited in Assisted Dying Foreigner Access in Thailand
  10. Untitled source cindemir.av.tr/en/homicide-and-suicide-under-turkish-law Cited in Assisted Dying Foreigner Access in Turkey
  11. Untitled source compass.rauias.com/current-affairs/should-assisted-dying-be-legalised Cited in Assisted Dying Foreigner Access in India
  12. Untitled source compassionandchoices.org/case/govatos-v-murphy Cited in Assisted Dying Foreigner Access in United States
  13. Untitled source compassionandchoices.org/case/mccomas-v-polis Cited in Assisted Dying Foreigner Access in United States
  14. Untitled source compassionandchoices.org/in-your-state/colorado Cited in Assisted Dying Foreigner Access in United States
  15. Untitled source compassionandchoices.org/legal-advocacy/residency-restrictions Cited in Assisted Dying Foreigner Access in United States
  16. Untitled source compassionandchoices.org/news/federal-judge-rules-residency-mandate-in-nj-medical-aid-in-dying-law-is-constitutional Cited in Assisted Dying Foreigner Access in United States
  17. Untitled source compassionandchoices.org/news/group-files-lawsuit-challenging-residency-mandate-of-medical-aid-in-dying-law Cited in Assisted Dying Foreigner Access in United States
  18. Untitled source compassionandchoices.org/resource/medical-aid-in-dying-utilization-report Cited in Assisted Dying Foreigner Access in United States
  19. Untitled source consultorsalud.com.mx/ley-trasciende-debate-legislativo-eutanasia Cited in Assisted Dying Foreigner Access in Mexico
  20. Untitled source deathwithdignity.org/news/2024/03/annual-oregon-dwd-report-data Cited in Assisted Dying Foreigner Access in United States
  21. Untitled source deathwithdignity.org/resources/traveling-to-oregon-and-vermont-to Cited in Assisted Dying Foreigner Access in United States
  22. Untitled source dignitas.ch/en/documentation/information-brochure Cited in Assisted Dying Foreigner Access in South Korea, Assisted Dying Foreigner Access in Thailand
  23. Untitled source ecancer.org/en/journal/article/1321-progress-in-palliative-care-for-cancer-in-turkey-a-review-of-the-literature Cited in Assisted Dying Foreigner Access in Turkey
  24. Untitled source ehospice.com/international_posts/updating-living-will-law-in-thailand Cited in Assisted Dying Foreigner Access in Thailand

Explore the source archive →

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