Body Contouring Quality — the article + the world, ranked

A fuller editorial guide to body contouring quality is coming soon. For now, the ranking below compares every country we have assessed on it — open a country's report for the cited detail behind its score.

The country comparison

Which countries are best for body contouring quality

The destinations ranked high→low under this lens — each with the reasoning behind its score, the cited evidence one click down, and its full report. The verdict is free; the report is the depth.

19 / 19 Countries ranked

Researched and assessed by the Epidaurus editorial pipeline against our published scale. A country below the rule is not yet assessed enough — never ranked last.

1 Brazil BR 5.0/5 Good Brazil demonstrates world-leading body contouring surgery meeting all Score 5 criteria. The SBCP comprises approximately 6,700 board-certified plastic surgeons with mandatory six-year training, vastly exceeding the 50... Full report
The evidence behind this score 5 cited points
- SBCP comprises approximately 6,700 board-certified plastic surgeons with mandatory 6-year training (3 years general surgery + 3 years plastic surgery residency) across 83 accredited training hospitals
- Multiple JCI-accredited facilities including Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein and Hospital Samaritano de São Paulo; 1,712 ONA-accredited health organizations nationally as of 2024
- Saldanha lipoabdominoplasty technique achieves 0.2% necrosis, 0.4% seroma, 0.2% hematoma; drain-free PTS abdominoplasty achieving 0.1% seroma vs 9-23% for conventional techniques; isolated liposuction meta-analysis complication rate 2.62%
- VASER, laser-assisted, and power-assisted liposuction available nationally; 4D HD liposuction signature offering; 3D imaging and virtual simulation platforms used at leading centers
- All-inclusive packages with English-speaking coordinators, multilingual staff, recovery houses with nursing supervision, and virtual follow-up protocols standard for international patients
Read the full Brazil report →
2 South Korea KR 5.0/5 Good South Korea meets all criteria for an Excellent rating. The country has hundreds of board-certified plastic surgeons with specialized body contouring training, multiple facilities with JCI and KAHF accreditation, docu... Full report
The evidence behind this score 8 cited points
- Hundreds of board-certified plastic surgeons in Gangnam-Seoul with specialized training; JK Plastic Surgery fields 35+ specialists averaging 15 years experience; 365mc maintains 22 main doctors—far exceeding 50+ specialist requirement
- JCI accreditation at JK Plastic Surgery (Korea's first and only JCI-certified plastic surgery hospital); KAHF certifies 18+ institutions across 136 foreign-patient safety criteria; KOIHA hospital accreditation across 92 safety standards
- 97%+ complication-free liposuction rate (2024 systematic review, 29,368 patients); 365mc reports 99.7% satisfaction; Korean tummy tuck satisfaction exceeds 94% at 5-year follow-up—well below 5% complication target for Score 5
- Advanced technologies widely available: VASER, PAL, BodyTite, AirSculpt, 5D liposculpture; world's first AI-assisted M.A.I.L. system developed by 365mc with Microsoft; Quantificare 3D imaging deployed at leading clinics
- Comprehensive safety: 2023 CCTV mandate for all general-anesthesia procedures; Total Intravenous Anesthesia (TIVA) with dedicated anesthesiologist standard; real-time continuous monitoring; emergency protocols for body contouring complications
- Strong international patient infrastructure: multilingual coordinators (English, Chinese, Japanese, Russian); airport pickup; dedicated recovery rooms; 6-week structured post-operative care programs; accessible revision procedures ($4,000–$8,000 USD, actively performed)
- Published outcomes: 2024 systematic review (29,368 liposuction patients); 2024 multicenter cohort study in Scientific Reports (9,856 abdominal liposuction patients from 365mc-affiliated centers)
- International patient volume rising 57% (2019–2024) to 141,845 plastic surgery patients; 1.24 trillion won medical spending reflects competitive market driving facility investment in quality and international patient experience
Read the full South Korea report →
3 United States US 5.0/5 Good The United States demonstrates exceptional body contouring surgery quality across all rubric dimensions. With 11,000+ board-certified plastic surgeons (far exceeding the 50+ threshold), mandatory accreditation by AAAA... Full report
The evidence behind this score 6 cited points
- ASPS comprises 11,000+ physician members representing 92% of board-certified plastic surgeons in the United States
- Mandatory facility accreditation (AAAASF, AAAHC, Joint Commission) for all ASPS member surgeons; AAAASF recognized as gold standard with 100% compliance requirement
- Liposuction complication rates of 0.40-0.63% and abdominoplasty rate of 2.1% (study of 55,596 patients) — both far below rubric thresholds
- Advanced liposuction technologies widely available including VASER, SmartLipo, power-assisted, and combinations with radiofrequency skin tightening
- Systematic outcome tracking through ASPS National Clearinghouse (collecting data since 1992) with annual questionnaire to 5,000+ surgeons and CosmetAssure complication database
- Board certification requirements mandate 6+ years surgical training with 3+ years plastic surgery residency, plus written and oral examinations specific to plastic surgery
Read the full United States report →
4 United Kingdom GB 4.5/5 Good The UK demonstrates exceptional body contouring quality across most Score 5 dimensions—including 350+ board-certified specialists, complication rates of 3.1% for seroma and 4.2% infection (below 5% threshold), widespr... Full report
The evidence behind this score 7 cited points
- 350+ BAAPS specialist members and 1,386 BAPRAS members with mandatory GMC Specialist Register status demonstrating exceptional surgeon concentration
- 2024 UK published series (n=286) showing seroma rate of 3.1%, localized infection 4.2%, systemic complications 0.6%—all within or below international benchmarks
- Widespread deployment of advanced liposuction technologies: VASER, SAFElipo (power-assisted), BodyTite (radiofrequency-assisted), laser-assisted, and Crisalix 3D imaging across multiple London centers
- Mandatory CQC registration and inspection with RCS Professional Standards enforcement; leading centers achieving CQC 'Outstanding' ratings with 24/7 aftercare
- Published outcomes in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (2024) demonstrating evidence-based adoption of drainless techniques and progressive tension sutures
- Documented revision rates of 16.0% under general anesthesia and 6.6% under local anesthesia for complex high-volume combined procedures, exceeding Score 5 threshold of <3%
- Limited international accreditation: CQC (national regulator) is rigorous but lacks JCI/AAAHC (international) certification; some major practices explicitly English-only for consultations
Read the full United Kingdom report →
5 Israel IL 4.5/5 Good Israel demonstrates excellent infrastructure with ~300 ISPAS-certified surgeons, 5+ JCI-accredited hospitals, and comprehensive international patient support with advanced technology (VASER, laser-assisted, high-defin... Full report
The evidence behind this score 6 cited points
- ~300 ISPAS-certified plastic surgeons (far exceeds 50+ Score 5 threshold)
- 5+ JCI-accredited hospitals (Sourasky, Assuta, Rambam, Sheba, Hadassah) performing procedures at scale
- Advanced technologies widely available: VASER, laser-assisted, Body Jet, high-definition abdominal etching, 3D surgical planning
- 95% patient satisfaction reported for abdominoplasty; 2024 Meir Medical Center/Tel Aviv University study found procedures safe and reproducible with high patient satisfaction
- Comprehensive international patient support with multilingual coordination, 20-40% cost savings vs. US/UK, 85% recommendation rate on Bookimed platform
- Absence of explicit Israeli-specific complication rate data (report references global 2.62% benchmark as expected standard, but no Israel-specific rates documented)
Read the full Israel report →
6 United Arab Emirates AE 4.5/5 Good The UAE has 40+ DHA-licensed surgeons with international credentials, multiple JCI-accredited facilities, and widely available advanced technologies (VASER 4D/Quad/360°, MILA, J-Plasma, 3D planning) supported by robus... Full report
The evidence behind this score 6 cited points
- 40+ DHA-licensed plastic surgeons with international credentials; Dr. Hasan Ali has 10,000+ VASER procedures and publications in PRS Global Open and Aesthetic Plastic Surgery
- Multiple JCI-accredited facilities: AACSH (3rd consecutive JCI award, dedicated cosmetic hospital), CosmeSurge (25+ years, 80+ specialists), Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi (JCI, ACGME, CAP, Magnet)
- Advanced technology widely available: VASER liposuction since 2009, now includes 4D Hi-Def and Quad variants; J-Plasma, MILA technique, 3D surgical planning, drain-free abdominoplasty with progressive tension sutures
- 18% of body contouring procedures on medical tourists; AACSH reports 98% satisfaction on 15,000+ procedures; CosmeSurge reports 1 million+ patients across 25+ years
- DHA standards mandate liposuction only in licensed hospitals/day surgical centers, performed by licensed consultant surgeons, with five-liter combined fat/fluid removal cap per session
- Absence of centralized national outcomes database limits independent verification of complication rates and systematic outcome tracking compared to Score 5 standards
Read the full United Arab Emirates report →
7 Colombia CO 4.5/5 Good Colombia's accredited body contouring sector meets or exceeds all Score 5 technical criteria: 850+ SCCP-certified surgeons, JCI-accredited facilities, liposuction complication rates of 0.3% versus 5.9% U.S. benchmark ... Full report
The evidence behind this score 6 cited points
- 850 SCCP-certified and ~1,300 total qualified plastic surgeons; SCCP certification requires 4–5 year accredited residency and board examination, among the most rigorous in Latin America
- Liposuction complication rate 0.3% versus 5.9% U.S. TOPS registry benchmark; abdominoplasty complication rate 5.5% versus 9.7% U.S. (2025 peer-reviewed study of 2,324 international patients, p<0.001 and p=0.009 respectively)
- Multiple JCI-accredited facilities including Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe (Medellín), Fundación Santa Fe (Bogotá), and Clínica del Country (Bogotá); 100% of 658-patient international cohort had procedures in accredited hospitals
- Advanced technologies widely available: VASER, HD Liposculpture (pioneered in Colombia), Lipo 360, power-assisted liposuction, laser-assisted lipolysis, drain-free abdominoplasty with progressive tension sutures, and 3D surgical planning
- Patient satisfaction 98.2% willing to recommend; 97.1%-100% satisfaction across care dimensions; comprehensive international infrastructure with bilingual support, recovery accommodation, and structured multi-month remote follow-up
- Documented parallel market of illegal/unaccredited clinics in Medellín/Antioquia with 17 deaths linked to procedures in irregular facilities over 2-year period; 379 total adverse complications and 64 facility closures for hygiene violations
Read the full Colombia report →
8 Germany DE 4.5/5 Good Germany delivers body contouring services of the highest European caliber, with approximately 1,993 board-certified plastic surgeons, world-class regulatory frameworks (criminal liability for negligent outcomes), and ... Full report
The evidence behind this score 7 cited points
- Approximately 1,993 board-certified specialists (Facharzt für Plastische, Rekonstruktive und Ästhetische Chirurgie) as of 2024, all completing 6-year supervised residency and passing formal oral board examination [DGPRÄC Physician Search - 2024]
- Liposuction complication rate of 2.62% (below 5% Score 5 threshold) from meta-analysis of international data [Springer/European Journal of Plastic Surgery - 2024]
- Abdominoplasty complication rate of 10.5% (combined with liposuction) to 13.0% (abdominoplasty alone), exceeding the 8% Score 5 threshold [PMC - 2024]
- Advanced technologies widely available including VASER, laser-assisted, water-jet liposuction, J-Plasma Renuvion, 3D surgical planning, and progressive tension suture drain-free techniques [AIVA Institut, KOEBE KLINIK, Park-Klinik sources - 2024]
- Patient satisfaction rate of 88.8% for liposuction and abdominoplasty from prospective outcome study of 360 patients [PubMed - 2012]
- Strong regulatory framework with criminal liability exposure for negligent outcomes and mandatory facility licensing under §30 Gewerbeordnung [Booking Health - 2024]
- Comprehensive outcome tracking through VDÄPC annual statistics (98,548 procedures in 2023), DGPRÄC annual congress with peer-reviewed outcome data, and mandatory quality reporting in academic centers [VDÄPC, DGPRÄC - 2024]
Read the full Germany report →
9 Singapore SG 4.5/5 Good Singapore demonstrates exceptional surgeon expertise (90+ MOH-registered specialists), comprehensive facility accreditation (multiple JCI-accredited hospitals), and widespread availability of advanced liposuction tech... Full report
The evidence behind this score 6 cited points
- Approximately 90 MOH-registered plastic surgery specialists as of 2023, all completing rigorous 72-month SAB-accredited residency with independent written and clinical exit examinations, exceeding the 50+ specialist threshold for Score 5
- Four major private hospitals (Mount Elizabeth, Mount Elizabeth Novena, Gleneagles, Parkway East) and all NHG public institutions hold JCI accreditation—the global gold standard for hospital safety and accreditation
- Advanced liposuction technologies documented as widely available: VASER ultrasound-assisted, 4D high-definition VASER, power-assisted liposuction (Microaire, PowerX™), laser-assisted liposuction, and S.A.F.E. technique across multiple accredited practitioners
- Comprehensive safety protocols including anesthesia safety standards, emergency protocols for fat embolism and DVT, and evidence-based drain-free abdominoplasty techniques using progressive tension sutures
- Singapore identified as the most regulatory-advanced among five major Asian medical tourism destinations in 2024 PMC study; hosted ISAPS Olympiad World Congress 2025 with 1,400+ surgeons from 90 countries, confirming global standing in aesthetic surgery
- Critical gap: Report explicitly states 'Singapore clinics do not publicly publish granular institution-specific complication rate data,' preventing verification of Score 5 complication rate thresholds (below 5% liposuction, below 8% abdominoplasty)
Read the full Singapore report →
10 Malaysia MY 4.5/5 Good Malaysia demonstrates excellent body contouring infrastructure with 72+ certified plastic surgeons (exceeding 50+ threshold), six JCI-accredited hospitals, exceptional complication rates of 0.4–0.63% for VASER liposuc... Full report
The evidence behind this score 5 cited points
- Approximately 72 certified plastic surgeons in Kuala Lumpur alone; multiple hold FRCS Edinburgh, FRCS(Plast), MRCS, and international fellowships [Specialist Registration - Malaysian Medical Council - 2024]
- Six JCI-accredited hospitals performing body contouring: Gleneagles KL, Prince Court, SJMC, Sunway Medical Centre, ParkCity, Mahkota Melaka [Top Cosmetic Hospitals in Malaysia - EdhaCarE - 2025]
- Complication rates for VASER liposuction at JCI-accredited facilities: 0.4–0.63% (well below 5% threshold); mortality 0.002–0.02% [Advancing Liposuction - Sunway Medical Damansara - 2024]
- Advanced liposuction technologies widely available: VASER Hi Def (Nicanor), Power-Assisted Liposuction PAL (KALO), AccuSculpt laser 1444nm (RJ Clinic), high-definition sculpting (Zenkai) [Liposuction sources, 2025]
- Absence of nationally published peer-reviewed complication rate studies acknowledged as meaningful transparency gap [Red Flags section notes Malaysia lacks equivalent registry data vs. Brazil/South Korea]
Read the full Malaysia report →
11 Poland PL 4.5/5 Good Poland demonstrates excellent outcomes with liposuction complication rates of 0.3-2.1% and abdominoplasty rates of 5.5%, both exceeding Score 5 thresholds. Advanced technologies (VASER, laser-assisted, PAL, Dual Lipo,... Full report
The evidence behind this score 5 cited points
- Complication rates for liposuction reported at 0.3-2.1% (significantly below Score 5 threshold of <5%)
- Abdominoplasty complication rates of 5.5% meet Score 5 requirement (<8%); patient satisfaction above 94%
- Multiple advanced liposuction technologies available: VASER (5+ Warsaw clinics), laser-assisted (SlimLipo, Tight Sculpting), PAL, Body Jet, Dual Lipo, Crisalix 3D simulation
- International accreditations at multiple facilities: JCI (Lipoline), ESPRAS (Coramed), ISO 9001 (KCM, Allmedica, Beauty Group), EU medical standards compliance
- Strong international patient infrastructure: multilingual support (English, Polish, Arabic, German), all-inclusive packages including surgery/hotel/transfers, remote post-operative follow-up, EU healthcare protections
Read the full Poland report →
12 Japan JP 4.0/5 Good Japan qualifies as Good (Score 4) due to its exceptional surgeon expertise (~3,200 JSPRS-certified board specialists far exceeding the 20-49 threshold), multiple accredited facilities meeting MHLW standards, and widel... Full report
The evidence behind this score 5 cited points
- Japan Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (JSPRS) has approximately 3,200 board-certified plastic surgery specialists, with certification requiring 6+ years post-MD and 4+ years dedicated residency.
- Advanced liposuction technologies (VASER, laser-assisted, power-assisted) widely available at premium Tokyo clinics including BIANCA, THE CLINIC, and Shonan Beauty Clinic.
- Nationwide study of 152,457 patients explicitly noted absence of clear criteria for evaluating surgical methods and outcomes, indicating weak systematic outcome tracking.
- Regulatory framework allows any licensed physician (dermatologists, psychiatrists, internists) to legally perform cosmetic body contouring without specialized plastic surgery training.
- Japan ranks 3rd globally in Medical Tourism Index for Quality of Facilities & Services; multiple clinics operate with English-speaking staff, though language barriers in surgical planning are documented.
Read the full Japan report →
13 Hungary HU 4.0/5 Good Hungary demonstrates strong body contouring infrastructure with approximately 166 board-certified plastic surgeons (exceeding the 50+ threshold), multiple JCI-accredited facilities, and widespread availability of adva... Full report
The evidence behind this score 5 cited points
- Approximately 166 board-certified plastic surgeons registered with MPHEST; several hold EBOPRAS (European Board) or IPRAS credentials demonstrating European-standard competency
- JCI accreditation at Dr. Rose Private Hospital (4 theatres, 54 beds, 120-140 procedures/month) and Aesthetica Medical Center; additional ISO 9001 or IPRAS certification at other facilities
- Advanced liposuction technologies widely available: VASER at ≥4 clinics, SmartLipo, PAL, BodyJet water-jet liposuction, and traditional tumescent techniques; Spirit Plasztika offers in-house MRI and CT 3D imaging for surgical planning
- Booking platform data reports 85% recommendation rate and 95% satisfaction with body contour outcomes; however, no nationally published peer-reviewed studies or formal complication registries exist
- Comprehensive international patient support: multilingual staff (English, German, Italian), airport transfer, hotel arrangement, structured 7-14 day post-operative recovery, and 24/7 coordination via multiple facilitators (Bookimed, FlyMedi, MyMediTravel)
Read the full Hungary report →
14 Mexico MX 4.0/5 Good Mexico offers experienced board-certified surgeons (2,000+ CMCPER-certified), internationally accredited facilities (JCI, AAAASF), and complication rates (0.83-2.62% liposuction, ~6% abdominoplasty) comparable to or b... Full report
The evidence behind this score 5 cited points
- 2,000+ CMCPER-certified plastic surgeons with 6-9 years specialized training; 1,500+ AMCPER members with 5-year recertification cycles
- Multiple JCI-accredited hospitals (Centro Médico ABC, Galenia, Hospital Puerta de Hierro) and AAAASF-accredited facilities (Cosmed Clinic)
- Liposuction complication rates of 0.83-2.62% (below 5% threshold); abdominoplasty ~6% (within 8% threshold)
- VASER available at 27+ clinics; VECTRA 3D imaging, drainless abdominoplasty, ERAS protocols at premium facilities
- 2023 CDC outbreak of fungal meningitis at unregulated Matamoros clinics causing 12 deaths; COFEPRIS closure of 250+ non-compliant facilities; revision accessibility explicitly varies by clinic
Read the full Mexico report →
15 Turkey TR 4.0/5 Good Turkey demonstrates strong body contouring quality with 400+ qualified TSAPS surgeons, 50+ JCI-certified hospitals, advanced technology (VASER, laser-assisted), excellent international patient infrastructure, and high... Full report
The evidence behind this score 5 cited points
- Turkish Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons has 400+ members; Turkey ranks 2nd globally for plastic surgeons
- 50+ JCI-certified hospitals across major cities with Ministry of Health oversight and regular accreditation cycles
- Leading clinics report 0.5% overall complication rate and 96% patient satisfaction; abdominoplasty success rates 90-95%
- VASER liposuction and laser-assisted liposuction widely available; VASER technology removes 30% more fat with 30% faster recovery
- Comprehensive international patient infrastructure with dedicated departments, multi-language support, and 1.3M medical tourists annually
Read the full Turkey report →
16 Thailand TH 4.0/5 Good Thailand demonstrates strong body contouring quality with 475+ board-certified plastic surgeons, multiple JCI and AACI accredited facilities, and widespread access to advanced technologies including VASER, PAL, laser-... Full report
The evidence behind this score 5 cited points
- 475+ board-certified plastic surgeons certified by ThPRS with 6-12 years required postgraduate training and defined minimum case volumes
- 62 JCI-accredited organizations including Bumrungrad (continuous accreditation since 2002) and Rattinan Clinic as first AACI-accredited ambulatory plastic surgery center in Asia-Pacific (98% score, 2025)
- 99.0% success rate reported for tummy tuck procedures at leading hospitals with some facilities claiming 0% post-surgery complication rates for liposuction
- Advanced technologies widely available including VASER ultrasound-assisted, PAL, laser-assisted, BodyTite radiofrequency technology, and 3D imaging capabilities
- 25.4% average international patient caseload in Thai practices versus 10% globally; 3 million medical tourists treated annually; dedicated multilingual International Patient Centers with comprehensive recovery support
Read the full Thailand report →
17 India IN 3.5/5 Moderate India demonstrates robust infrastructure and technology adoption with 45 JCI and 839 NABH accredited hospitals, widespread advanced techniques (VASER, laser-assisted liposuction), and a large specialist pool producing... Full report
The evidence behind this score 6 cited points
- Abdominoplasty with concurrent liposuction complication rate of 17.3% (16% minor, 1.3% major) exceeds Score 4 threshold of 12% for abdominoplasty
- 45 JCI accredited hospitals and 839 NABH accredited facilities providing international-standard infrastructure
- Advanced liposuction technologies (VASER, laser-assisted, power-assisted) widely available at major centers
- Over 200 plastic surgeons annually join professional pool; India ranks among top 5 countries for specialist numbers
- Documented lack of standardization with substantial disparity among surgeons regarding protocols and infiltration solutions
- 27 surgeons reported life-threatening complications; 66 of 118 surveyed surgeons had to manage complications, suggesting higher-than-reported complication rates
Read the full India report →
18 Jordan JO 3.5/5 Moderate Jordan demonstrates solid infrastructure with 60-65 board-certified plastic surgeons, multiple JCI/HCAC-accredited facilities, and advanced liposuction technologies (VASER, laser-assisted) widely available at leading ... Full report
The evidence behind this score 5 cited points
- Surgeon qualifications: 60-65 board-certified plastic surgeons listed nationally, with at least 8 ASPS international members in Amman; JSPRS (founded 1988) certifies all board-certified practitioners
- Safety standards: Abdali Hospital, Jordan Hospital, and Specialty Hospital operate under JCI and/or HCAC standards; HCAC holds three ISQua accreditations (first Arab institution to achieve this distinction)
- Outcome quality: No published aggregate complication data for elective body contouring; only one published study (post-bariatric cohort, n=7, 2023) found 42.9% seroma rate and no systematic outcome tracking documented
- Technology access: VASER, laser-assisted, power-assisted, and tumescent liposuction available; Renuvion J-Plasma, Bodytite RF, and Morpheus deployed at leading clinics including Dr. Elmusa's practice
- International support: 224,740 medical tourists in 2024; English widely spoken by medical staff; video consultation, airport transfers, and hotel coordination available; UN UNWTO designation as regional medical tourism hub
Read the full Jordan report →
19 Spain ES 3.5/5 Moderate Spain combines approximately 900 SECPRE board-certified plastic surgeons trained through a rigorous 11-year pathway, multiple JCI-accredited surgical facilities, and widely available advanced liposuction technologies ... Full report
The evidence behind this score 6 cited points
- Spain has approximately 900 board-certified SECPRE plastic surgeons trained through an 11-year pathway (6-year medical degree plus 5-year MIR residency); several leading surgeons have 30-46 years of experience with 5,000-10,000+ procedures
- Multiple JCI-accredited facilities including Centro Médico Teknon (7 consecutive accreditation cycles), Quirónsalud Marbella, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, and Hospital Universitari Dexeus
- Advanced liposuction technologies widely available: VASER ultrasound-assisted, laser-assisted lipolysis, water-assisted liposuction, BodyTite radiofrequency-assisted, high-definition liposculpture, and 3D surgical planning (Alma3D) at leading centers
- Approximately 50% of aesthetic operations in Catalonia were not performed by properly trained specialists, with 90% of certified plastic surgeons reporting having corrected botched procedures by unqualified practitioners (SCCPRE 2024 survey)
- Spain lacks systematically published Spain-specific complication rates and has no national registry of body contouring complications; patients rely on clinic-published satisfaction scores rather than independent clinical audit data
- Professional liability claims in plastic surgery rose from 10.4% to 19.9% of total medical claims over 15 years, with abdominoplasty among top-four most claimed procedures
Read the full Spain report →

See the full ranking, the 1–5 rubric and the reports →