Assisted Dying Organizations

• No domestic assisted dying organizations exist; the service is illegal under Suicide Act 1961 across England, Wales, Northern Ireland, and Scotland
• UK residents seeking assisted dying must travel abroad to Switzerland at average cost of £15,000, with no insurance coverage or financial assistance available
• Advocacy organizations (Dignity in Dying, Compassion in Dying, My Death My Decision, Friends at the End) provide information only; they do not provide assisted dying services
• No support infrastructure exists for international patients in the UK; foreign nationals cannot access this service in the country
• Sean Davison arrest case demonstrates criminal risks: facilitation of travel to Swiss clinics can constitute encouraging suicide, exposing helpers to prosecution
• Pegasos controversy shows lack of UK regulatory oversight of Swiss alternatives that UK residents use, with documented cases of clients dying without family notification

Read the full United Kingdom report →

• Zero established assisted dying organizations: Act C of 2012 criminalizes all forms of assisted suicide with no exceptions [Act C of 2012 on the Criminal Code - Hungarian Government - 2012 - https://njt.hu/jogszabaly/en/2012-100-00-00]
• Extraterritorial enforcement: Assisting a Hungarian national to access assisted dying abroad (e.g., Dignitas) is prosecutable as a criminal offense [CASE OF DÁNIEL KARSAI v. HUNGARY - HUDOC - 2024 - https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-234151]
• ECHR ruling upholds ban: 6-to-1 majority confirmed Hungary's comprehensive prohibition does not violate European Convention on Human Rights [European Court Upholds Hungary's Ban on 'Assisted Suicide' - The European Conservative - June 2024 - https://europeanconservative.com/articles/commentary/european-court-upholds-hungarys-ban-on-assisted-suicide/]
• No regulatory framework: Hungary has no accreditation, oversight, or quality assurance mechanisms for assisted dying—the activity is criminalized at root [Countries Cannot Be Forced to Introduce Assisted Suicide - ADF International - June 2024 - https://adfinternational.org/news/echr-confirms-protection-from-euthanasia]
• No WFRTDS member: World Federation of Right to Die Societies has identified no Hungarian member organization [WFRTDS Member Societies - wfrtds.org - 2024 - https://wfrtds.org/]
• No legislative reform prospects: Parliament has refused to debate reform and government opposition is firm [Politicizing Assisted Suicide Does Not Serve the Protection of Society - Hungary Today - 2024 - https://hungarytoday.hu/politicizing-assisted-suicide-does-not-serve-the-protection-of-society/]

Read the full Hungary report →

• Zero active organizations providing assisted dying services; LILACH is advocacy-only, not a provider
• Active euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide are criminal offenses under Israeli law regardless of patient consent
• Dying Patient Law (2005) explicitly prohibits any action designed to kill or likely to cause death
• No domestic support infrastructure exists; Israelis seeking assisted death must travel to Switzerland (Dignitas or Pegasos)
• Approximately 34 Israeli nationals used Dignitas in 2024 (outbound tourism only; no inbound medical tourists)

Read the full Israel report →

• Active euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide are illegal under Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita Sections 103, 105, and 108 and Indian Penal Code Sections 302, 304, and 306
• No established organizations exist that provide assisted dying services to either domestic residents or international patients
• Medical Council of India explicitly states that practicing euthanasia constitutes unethical conduct
• Only passive euthanasia is permitted under strict judicial oversight through hospital-based medical boards, not through dedicated organizations
• Advocacy organizations such as the Society for Right to Die with Dignity exist but provide no direct assisted dying services

Read the full India report →

• Federal Law No. 4 of 2016 on Medical Liability imposes absolute ban on mercy killing under any circumstances with penalties of 2–10 years imprisonment and fines of AED 10,000–1 million
• Dr. Eugen Adelsmayr sentenced to life imprisonment for mercy killing at Rashid Hospital Dubai, demonstrating active enforcement of the prohibition
• UAE Penal Code Article 335 (Federal Decree Law No. 15 of 2020) criminalizes assisting or abetting suicide with up to 5 years detention
• No assisted dying organizations exist in the UAE—no registry, no documentation, no organizational infrastructure of any kind
• Islamic legal foundation: all Islamic legal schools prohibit euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide, which directly informs UAE law and constitutional framework
• UAE's position mirrors all other GCC member states, with no reform movement, parliamentary debate, or civil society advocacy for change

Read the full United Arab Emirates report →

• Zero organizations in Japan provide, facilitate, or legally enable active euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide for any patient
• Article 202 of Japan's Penal Code criminalizes assisted suicide and consensual killing with 6 months to 7 years imprisonment; courts have consistently upheld prosecutions
• Osaka High Court upheld an 18-year sentence for Dr. Okubo in November 2024 for administering lethal drugs to an ALS patient, rejecting constitutional right-to-die arguments
• The Japan Society for Dying with Dignity (JSDD), Japan's sole right-to-die organization, explicitly opposes active euthanasia and limits services to living will registration and education
• Only 2% of Japanese physicians support voluntary active euthanasia and 1% support physician-assisted suicide, far below Western comparators
• Japanese patients seeking active assisted dying travel to Switzerland through organizations like Lifecircle; no domestic pathway exists

Read the full Japan report →

• No assisted dying service organizations exist in South Korea; the only relevant domestic entity is KARD, an advocacy group established in 2022 without service delivery capacity
• South Korea's legal framework explicitly criminalizes all forms of assisted dying and euthanasia, with family members who accompany patients abroad facing prosecution for 'aiding in suicide'
• South Koreans seeking assisted dying must travel to Switzerland at costs exceeding $10,000 USD with 3-4 month wait times, with at least 204 Koreans obtaining Swiss organization memberships and only 10 confirmed to have completed the process

Read the full South Korea report →

• No organizations legally provide assisted dying services in Mexico—only advocacy groups (DMD México and Libertad para Morir) exist to promote legislative change
• Active euthanasia and assisted suicide are criminalized under Article 312 of the Federal Penal Code with penalties of 1-12 years imprisonment
• Constitutional amendments in at least 19 states explicitly protect life 'from the moment of conception until natural death,' creating structural barriers to legalization
• Any assisted dying occurring is clandestine and informal, with no medical oversight, transparency, or safeguards
• Historical 'pentobarbital suicide tourism' was never an organized service but illegal drug networks subject to federal indictment

Read the full Mexico report →

• Penal Code (Act 574) Sections 299–306 criminalize all forms of intentional killing; Section 306 prescribes up to 10 years imprisonment for abetting suicide
• Academic literature explicitly confirms zero pro-euthanasia organizations operating in Malaysia
• National Fatwa Council (December 2011) declared all forms of euthanasia forbidden under Islamic law
• 81.3% of 481 surveyed Malaysian healthcare professionals opposed euthanasia legalization
• No legal framework recognizes advance directives as binding for end-of-life decisions requesting assisted dying
• 2023 Penal Code amendments strengthened abetment of suicide provisions, extending liability to attempted (not just completed) suicide

Read the full Malaysia report →

• Poland has zero established organizations providing assisted dying services; World Federation of Right to Die Societies lists no Polish member organization
• Articles 150 and 151 of Polish Penal Code criminalize euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide as criminal offences carrying 3 months to 5 years imprisonment
• Polish Medical Chamber (NRL) Code of Medical Ethics explicitly prohibits euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide; physicians face prosecution and disbarment
• Only advocacy entity (Fundacja Godne Życie Godna Śmierć, KRS 1109478) provides information and lobbying only; does not provide, facilitate, or refer patients for assisted dying
• No domestic infrastructure, no support services, no accommodation or language services for international patients exist
• Polish nationals seeking assisted dying must travel to Switzerland (Dignitas, Pegasos) at costs of approximately USD 19,000-20,000 including all fees and travel
• No assisted dying legislation has been tabled in the Polish Sejm under current government; political outlook offers no near-term change

Read the full Poland report →

• Zero established assisted dying organizations exist or can legally operate in Singapore
• Penal Code Sections 305–306 criminalize assisted suicide and euthanasia with penalties up to 10 years imprisonment with no exemptions for medical professionals
• Ministry of Health explicitly states it does not support euthanasia and promotes palliative care and Advance Medical Directives instead
• Singapore Medical Association and its Centre for Medical Ethics oppose legalization, stating palliative care expansion is the appropriate response
• No international assisted dying organizations (Dignitas, Exit International, Pegasos) maintain Singapore operations or partnerships
• A funeral director was convicted and sentenced to over six years imprisonment for assisting a suicide, demonstrating active prosecution
• No parliamentary bills are pending to legalize assisted dying as of 2026
• Singapore's government has consistently maintained its position against euthanasia since the 1990s, with no indication of imminent legislative change

Read the full Singapore report →

• Active euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide are illegal in Thailand with criminal penalties for those assisting
• No established organizations provide assisted dying services domestically or to international patients
• Thai citizens seeking assisted dying must travel abroad, with approximately 18 Thais reported as members of Dignitas in Switzerland
• Strong cultural and religious opposition from Buddhism makes future legalization unlikely
• Only passive euthanasia through living wills is legally permitted, which does not constitute assisted dying

Read the full Thailand report →

• Zero assisted dying organizations operate legally in Turkey due to complete legal prohibition on euthanasia and assisted suicide
• Active euthanasia and assisted suicide are criminal offenses under Turkish Penal Code Articles 81 and 84, with penalties ranging from 2-10 years imprisonment
• Official religious authorities and medical associations have declared euthanasia as unacceptable, with Turkish physicians indicating no belief that euthanasia will become legal within the next decade

Read the full Turkey report →

• Zero assisted dying organizations operating in Jordan, with no organizations in international databases or World Federation of Right to Die Societies membership from any Arab state.
• Medical Liability Law Article 17 (2018) explicitly forbids 'termination of life irrespective of the reasons, even if requested by the patient or their guardians.'
• Suicide is criminalized under Jordan's Penal Code No. 16 of 1960, with 2022 amendment penalizing attempted suicide in public places with up to six months imprisonment.
• No referral networks, waiting lists, language accommodations, or documented international patients for assisted dying services in Jordan.
• Islamic scholarly consensus and WHO Islamic Code of Medical and Health Ethics categorically prohibit all forms of voluntary euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide.
• Even palliative care alternatives remain unavailable to approximately 90% of those who need them in Jordan, reflecting broader underdevelopment of end-of-life care infrastructure.

Read the full Jordan report →

• Zero organizations in Brazil provide assisted dying services to any patient population, domestic or international
• Euthanasia criminalized under Article 121 (6–20 years imprisonment) and physician-assisted suicide under Article 122 (2–6 years imprisonment) of the Brazilian Penal Code
• Eu Decido, the sole domestic organization engaging with assisted dying, is a civil advocacy association founded May 23, 2025, that explicitly does not provide services and functions only for legislative reform advocacy
• Federal Council of Medicine (CFM) Resolution 2.217/2018 categorically prohibits physicians from participating in euthanasia
• No support infrastructure, facility standards, language services, or regulatory oversight framework exists for assisted dying; Brazilians seeking services must travel abroad to Switzerland at estimated cost of USD 27,000–35,000

Read the full Brazil report →

• Spain has zero independent assisted dying organizations analogous to Dignitas; the service is exclusively embedded in the SNS and regulated healthcare system
• DMD (founded 1984, 7,500+ members, WFRTDS-affiliated) provides advocacy and information counseling but does NOT perform or directly facilitate euthanasia procedures
• Spanish law requires 12 months' legal residency, categorically barring all foreign visitors from access
• Spain is entirely unavailable as an assisted dying medical tourism destination
• No Spanish organization provides international patient services for assisted dying; service delivery is through patients' existing medical teams

Read the full Spain report →