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Country Issue · Japan

The country, assessed

Japan

JP

Everything we have on Japan: every domain, every assessed factor with its reasoning, and an honest account of the domains we have not yet earned the right to grade.

The 8 domains

Where the country is strong, and where it is not

Equal-weight domains, strongest first, each shown with its average, its band, a printed bar and its coverage. Open a domain to read its factors — every finding's band and reasoning are free; the full report is behind the title. A domain that carries no number does so by design.

Diagnostic Services 12 factors 4.1Good Avg · 12/12

The verdict + reasoning are free · the full report is behind each title.

Imaging & Screening

5.0Good Advanced Imaging Quality 9 clinics31 terms
5.0Good Executive Health Screening 9 clinics31 terms
4.0Good Cancer Screening Quality 6 clinics21 terms
4.5Good Cardiac Diagnostics 10 clinics41 terms

Genetic & Specialized

3.5Moderate Genetic Testing Availability 14 clinics32 terms
4.5Good Specialized Diagnostics 19 clinics50 terms
4.0Good Pathology Quality 9 clinics35 terms

Service Factors

3.5Moderate Second Opinion Services 11 clinics14 terms
3.0Moderate Diagnostic Turnaround 11 clinics38 terms
4.5Good Diagnostic Cost Savings 10 clinics18 terms

Infrastructure

4.0Good Diagnostic Accreditation 10 clinics25 terms
3.5Moderate Telemedicine Diagnostics 12 clinics32 terms
Therapeutic Interventions 20 factors 3.9Moderate Avg · 20/20

The verdict + reasoning are free · the full report is behind each title.

Surgical Quality & Specialization

5.0Good Cardiac Surgery Quality 10 clinics33 terms
5.0Good Orthopedic Surgery Quality 13 clinics43 terms
4.5Good Oncologic Surgery Quality 6 clinics58 terms
4.5Good Ophthalmologic Surgery Quality 11 clinics45 terms
4.5Good Dental Surgery Quality 14 clinics41 terms
3.5Moderate Bariatric Surgery Quality 3 clinics31 terms
4.5Good Neurosurgery Quality 18 clinics32 terms
2.0Poor Transplant Capabilities 7 clinics26 terms

Non-Surgical Treatments

4.5Good Radiation Therapy Quality 21 clinics42 terms
4.5Good Chemotherapy & Immunotherapy Quality 4 clinics63 terms
4.0Good Stem Cell Transplant Quality 6 clinics26 terms

Cost Factors

3.5Moderate Surgical Cost Savings 11 clinics25 terms
2.5Moderate Cancer Treatment Cost Savings 5 clinics20 terms
3.0Moderate Dental Cost Savings 8 clinics22 terms

Pharmaceutical Access

3.5Moderate Medication Cost Savings 3 clinics20 terms
2.0Poor Medication Availability 5 clinics66 terms
3.5Moderate Clinical Trial Access 6 clinics26 terms

Infrastructure

4.0Good Hospital Accreditation 15 clinics10 terms
4.5Good Specialist Credentials 46 terms
5.0Good Medical Technology 14 clinics48 terms
Alternative & Complementary Medicine 16 factors 3.8Moderate Avg · 16/16

The verdict + reasoning are free · the full report is behind each title.

Traditional Medicine Systems

4.0Good TCM Quality 7 clinics17 terms
2.0Poor Ayurveda Quality 6 clinics24 terms
5.0Good Other Traditional Medicine 8 clinics33 terms

Stem Cell & Regenerative

4.5Good Stem Cell Therapy Availability 10 clinics25 terms
4.0Good Stem Cell Therapy Quality 9 clinics28 terms
4.5Good Regenerative Medicine Access 10 clinics27 terms
4.0Good Stem Cell Legality 2 clinics29 terms

Alternative Cancer Treatment

3.5Moderate Alternative Cancer Treatment Availability 10 clinics39 terms
4.0Good Integrative Oncology Quality 10 clinics24 terms
5.0Good Hyperthermia Treatment 8 clinics20 terms

Other Alternative Treatments

2.0Poor Naturopathy Availability 5 clinics28 terms
2.5Moderate Homeopathy Availability 3 clinics15 terms
4.0Good Energy Healing Availability 7 clinics31 terms
3.5Moderate Integrative Medicine Quality 13 clinics24 terms

Cost & Regulation

4.0Good Alternative Medicine Cost Savings 20 clinics20 terms
4.0Good Alternative Medicine Regulation 23 terms
Wellness & Preventive Care 12 factors 3.6Moderate Avg · 12/12

The verdict + reasoning are free · the full report is behind each title.

Medical Spas & Retreats

4.0Good Medical Spa Quality 13 clinics20 terms
4.5Good Wellness Retreat Quality 18 clinics27 terms
2.0Poor Post-Surgical Recovery Facilities 13 clinics24 terms

Thermal & Water Therapy

4.0Good Thermal Bath Quality 6 clinics27 terms
2.5Moderate Thalassotherapy Availability 9 clinics30 terms
3.5Moderate Hydrotherapy Facilities 13 clinics36 terms

Detox & Fasting

3.5Moderate Detox Program Quality 15 clinics36 terms
3.0Moderate Fasting Program Quality 4 clinics21 terms

Anti-Aging & Longevity

4.5Good Longevity Medicine Quality 11 clinics35 terms
3.5Moderate Hormone Optimization 11 clinics41 terms
4.5Good Preventive Screening Packages 15 clinics28 terms

Infrastructure

4.0Good Wellness Tourism Infrastructure 4 clinics15 terms
Aesthetic & Cosmetic Services 16 factors 3.3Moderate Avg · 16/16

The verdict + reasoning are free · the full report is behind each title.

Facial Surgery

4.0Good Rhinoplasty Quality 7 clinics20 terms
4.0Good Facelift Quality 9 clinics23 terms
4.0Good Blepharoplasty Quality 7 clinics23 terms
3.5Moderate Facial Feminization/Masculinization 7 clinics29 terms

Body Surgery

4.0Good Breast Surgery Quality 20 clinics46 terms
4.0Good Body Contouring Quality 8 clinics23 terms
2.0Poor Buttock Surgery Quality 9 clinics26 terms
2.0Poor Post-Bariatric Body Surgery 9 clinics19 terms

Hair Restoration

3.5Moderate Hair Transplant Quality 6 clinics22 terms
1.0Poor Hair Transplant Cost Savings 4 clinics12 terms

Non-Surgical & Cosmetic

3.5Moderate Injectable Aesthetics Quality 7 clinics42 terms
4.0Good Skin Treatment Quality 9 clinics29 terms
4.0Good Cosmetic Dentistry Quality 7 clinics34 terms

Cost & Infrastructure

3.5Moderate Cosmetic Surgery Cost Savings 9 clinics12 terms
3.0Moderate Cosmetic Surgeon Credentials 7 clinics31 terms
3.5Moderate Aesthetic Clinic Standards 7 clinics30 terms
Reproductive Services 16 factors 2.6Moderate Avg · 16/16

The verdict + reasoning are free · the full report is behind each title.

IVF & Fertility Treatment

4.0Good IVF Quality 9 clinics28 terms
4.0Good IVF Cost Savings 2 clinics14 terms
4.5Good Fertility Technology 5 clinics27 terms
3.5Moderate Fertility Preservation 5 clinics14 terms

Third-Party Reproduction

2.0Poor Egg Donation Legality 3 clinics10 terms
1.0Poor Egg Donor Availability 4 clinics17 terms
1.0Poor Sperm Donation Availability 7 clinics15 terms
1.0Poor Surrogacy Legality 1 clinic19 terms
1.0Poor Surrogacy Cost 2 clinics22 terms
1.0Poor Embryo Donation Availability 19 terms

Specialized Services

2.0Poor Gender Selection Legality 18 terms
3.5Moderate Genetic Testing (PGT) 5 clinics35 terms
4.5Good Fertility Surgery Quality 7 clinics25 terms

Pregnancy Services

5.0Good Prenatal Care Quality 11 clinics47 terms
3.0Moderate Abortion Access 5 clinics17 terms
1.0Poor Birth Tourism Feasibility 3 clinics18 terms
Mental Health & Addiction 12 factors 2.2Poor Avg · 12/12

The verdict + reasoning are free · the full report is behind each title.

Psychiatric Treatment

2.5Moderate Psychiatric Care Quality 10 clinics29 terms
2.0Poor Ketamine Therapy Availability 2 clinics18 terms
3.5Moderate ECT/TMS Availability 8 clinics19 terms
3.5Moderate Mental Health Cost Savings 10 clinics21 terms

Psychedelic-Assisted Treatment

1.0Poor Ibogaine Treatment Legality 23 terms
1.0Poor Ayahuasca Treatment Legality 1 clinic15 terms
2.0Poor Psilocybin Treatment Legality 2 clinics23 terms
1.0Poor Psychedelic Treatment Quality 2 clinics21 terms

Addiction Treatment

2.5Moderate Residential Rehab Quality 10 clinics33 terms
1.0Poor Rehab Cost Savings 7 clinics21 terms
2.5Moderate Medical Detox Quality 6 clinics31 terms

Infrastructure

3.5Moderate Mental Health Privacy 1 clinic14 terms
End-of-Life Services 8 factors 2.1Poor Avg · 8/8

The verdict + reasoning are free · the full report is behind each title.

Assisted Dying

1.0Poor Assisted Dying Legality 2 clinics21 terms
1.0Poor Assisted Dying Foreigner Access 12 terms
1.0Poor Assisted Dying Organizations 1 clinic10 terms
1.0Poor Assisted Dying Process 2 clinics10 terms

Palliative Care

3.5Moderate Palliative Care Quality 5 clinics28 terms
3.5Moderate Palliative Sedation Availability 18 terms

Support Services

3.0Moderate End-of-Life Counseling 5 clinics22 terms
3.0Moderate End-of-Life Cost 8 clinics16 terms

Overall assessment

The coarse roll-up

One number across eight unlike domains is the bluntest view of Japan — the record above is the real story. We show it small, and only when the coverage earns it.

Overall 3.3/5 Moderate
Published
8 / 8 Domains published
112 / 112 Factors assessed
0 Domains not yet graded

The overall is the mean of the domains we can publish — a calibrated band, not a promise. Where a domain is too thin to grade we say so above rather than publish a number for it. Read the scale →

How we decide what to publish

We publish a domain average only when at least 3 of its factors are scored and we have covered at least half the domain; we publish an overall only when at least 4 of 8 domains qualify. Any domain too thin to grade is shown above as exactly that — never as a thin average.

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Clinics & providers

The providers our research names

An overview of the hospitals, clinics and centres catalogued across Japan's findings — by medical domain and by city. Open the card for the full directory, each provider linked to the reports behind it.

482 providers catalogued
0 cities represented

By medical domain

  • Therapeutic Interventions 114 Surgical Quality & Specialization (59) · Non-Surgical Treatments (28) · Cost Factors (24) · Pharmaceutical Access (14) · Infrastructure (26)
  • Diagnostic Services 80 Imaging & Screening (26) · Genetic & Specialized (34) · Service Factors (27) · Infrastructure (21)
  • Reproductive Services 51 IVF & Fertility Treatment (17) · Third-Party Reproduction (15) · Specialized Services (11) · Pregnancy Services (17)
  • Aesthetic & Cosmetic Services 81 Facial Surgery (22) · Body Surgery (37) · Hair Restoration (8) · Non-Surgical & Cosmetic (22) · Cost & Infrastructure (22)
  • Mental Health & Addiction 44 Psychiatric Treatment (26) · Psychedelic-Assisted Treatment (5) · Addiction Treatment (18) · Infrastructure (1)
  • Alternative & Complementary Medicine 109 Traditional Medicine Systems (20) · Stem Cell & Regenerative (26) · Alternative Cancer Treatment (27) · Other Alternative Treatments (25) · Cost & Regulation (20)
  • Wellness & Preventive Care 110 Medical Spas & Retreats (34) · Thermal & Water Therapy (28) · Detox & Fasting (19) · Anti-Aging & Longevity (34) · Infrastructure (4)
  • End-of-Life Services 20 Assisted Dying (3) · Palliative Care (5) · Support Services (13)

By city

  • Unspecified 482
See all Japan providers →

References

The sources behind Japan

The distinct sources cited across Japan's published reports — every finding carries its own citations; this is the union, each linking back to the reports that lean on it.

  1. Untitled source www.jdchct.or.jp/en/data/slide/2023 Cited in Stem Cell Transplant Quality in Japan
  2. Untitled source abbingtonhouse.co.uk/private-rehab/rehab-costs-uk Cited in Rehab Cost Savings in Japan
  3. Untitled source academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/45/Supplement_1/ehae666.2802/7837974 Cited in Cardiac Surgery Quality in Japan
  4. Untitled source academic.oup.com/ijnp/article/28/Supplement_1/i318/8009859 Cited in Ketamine Therapy Availability in Japan
  5. Untitled source academic.oup.com/jjco/article/56/Supplement_1/i34/8529751 Cited in Oncologic Surgery Quality in Japan
  6. Untitled source acupuncture.kapos.jp/fees Cited in Alternative Medicine Cost Savings in Japan
  7. Untitled source crispr-gene-editing-regs-tracker.geneticliteracyproject.org/japan-therapeutic-stem-cell Cited in Stem Cell Legality in Japan
  8. Untitled source cy-medical.com/omotenashi-japan/japan-medical-tourism Cited in Post-Surgical Recovery Facilities in Japan
  9. Untitled source derma.jmir.org/2024/1/e50403 Cited in Injectable Aesthetics Quality in Japan
  10. Untitled source eggdonorandsurrogacy.com/surrogacy-cost-in-usa-2025 Cited in Surrogacy Cost in Japan
  11. Untitled source en.tmch.or.jp/hosp/examination/hospitalization/expenses.html Cited in Surgical Cost Savings in Japan
  12. Untitled source en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiki Cited in Energy Healing Availability in Japan
  13. Untitled source escholarship.org/uc/item/56b7g9qh Cited in Surrogacy Legality in Japan
  14. Untitled source healthmanagement.org/c/imaging/PressRelease/canon-medical-systems-accelerates-global-clinical-research-to-realize-next-gen-photon-counting-ct Cited in Advanced Imaging Quality in Japan
  15. Untitled source homeopathyplus.com/homeopathy-takes-root-in-japan Cited in Homeopathy Availability in Japan
  16. Untitled source kampo-otsuka.com/english Cited in Alternative Medicine Cost Savings in Japan, Integrative Medicine Quality in Japan
  17. Untitled source kampo.care Cited in Alternative Medicine Cost Savings in Japan
  18. Untitled source kantanhealth.jp/healthcare_provider/bianca-cosmetic-surgery-medical-spa Cited in Medical Spa Quality in Japan
  19. Untitled source keio.elsevierpure.com/en/publications/efficacy-and-safety-of-intravenous-ketamine-treatment-in-japanese Cited in Ketamine Therapy Availability in Japan
  20. Untitled source link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10147-025-02879-y Cited in Medication Availability in Japan, Chemotherapy & Immunotherapy Quality in Japan
  21. Untitled source lucinaeggbank.com/japanese-egg-donors Cited in Egg Donor Availability in Japan
  22. Untitled source onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/rmb2.12329 Cited in Egg Donation Legality in Japan, Sperm Donation Availability in Japan
  23. Untitled source onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/pcn.13734 Cited in Ketamine Therapy Availability in Japan
  24. Untitled source parkinsonsnewstoday.com/news/japan-grants-conditional-approval-amchepry-parkinsons Cited in Stem Cell Legality in Japan

Explore the source archive →

Where to go from here · Japan

Every finding opens onto the matrix — every score links onward.